| ID | 093466 |
| Title Proper | Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for water pollution |
| Other Title Information | do regions matter? |
| Language | ENG |
| Author | Lee, Chien-Chiang ; Chiu, Yi-Bin ; Sun, Chia-Hung |
| Publication | 2010. |
| Summary / Abstract (Note) | This study revisits the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for water pollution by using a recent dynamic technique, which is the generalized method of moments (GMM) approach, for a board sample of 97 countries during the period 1980-2001. On a global scale, as we cannot obtain the EKC relationship between real income and biological oxygen demand (BOD) emissions, this paper further classifies these countries into four regional groups - Africa, Asia and Oceania, America, and Europe - to explore whether the different regions have different ECK relationships. The empirical results show evidence of the inverted U-shaped EKC relationships' existence in America and Europe, but not in Africa and Asia and Oceania. Thus, the regional difference of EKC for water pollution is supported. Furthermore, the estimated turning points are, approximately, US$13,956 and US$38,221 for America and Europe, respectively. |
| `In' analytical Note | Energy Policy Vol. 38, No. 1; Jan 2010: p.12-23 |
| Journal Source | Energy Policy Vol. 38, No. 1; Jan 2010: p.12-23 |
| Key Words | Environmental Kuznets Curve ; Biological Oxygen Demand Emissions ; Generalized Method of Moments Approach |