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ID117951
Title ProperFortifications and the European military balance before 1914
LanguageENG
AuthorStevenson, David
Publication2012.
Summary / Abstract (Note)This article analyses the evolution of permanent fortifications in Europe between 1870 and 1914. Despite the introduction in the 1880s of high explosive shells, intensive construction continued until the eve of war. Fortifications figured prominently in armaments budgets and in offensive as well as defensive strategic planning, while their design changed radically. Nonetheless, the pattern of development worked against the Central Powers. Austria-Hungary concentrated against Italy at the expense of the Balkans and Galicia; Germany concentrated on Alsace-Lorraine, neglecting the east until 1912. Whereas France modernised its eastern fortresses, Belgium did little, enticing Germany into the envelopment strategy that would draw Britain into the First World War.
`In' analytical NoteJournal of Strategic Studies Vol. 35, No.6; Dec 2012: p.829-859
Journal SourceJournal of Strategic Studies Vol. 35, No.6; Dec 2012: p.829-859
Key WordsFortifications ;  Europe ;  1870 - 1914 ;  1870 – 1914


 
 
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