| ID | 170014 |
| Title Proper | Boilerplate in International Trade Agreements |
| Language | ENG |
| Author | Milewicz, Karolina ; Snidal, Duncan ; Claire Peacock, Karolina Milewicz, Duncan Snidal ; Peacock, Claire |
| Summary / Abstract (Note) | New international agreements often recycle language from previous agreements, using boilerplate solutions alongside customized provisions. The presence of boilerplate in international agreements has important implications for understanding how international rules are made. The determinants behind boilerplate in international agreements have not previously been systematically evaluated. Using original data from a sample of 348 preferential trade agreements (PTAs) adopted between 1989 and 2009, we combine novel text analysis measures with Latent Order Logistic (LOLOG) graph network techniques to assess the determinants behind boilerplate in labor and environmental provisions commonly found in PTAs. Our results indicate that whereas boilerplate can be used for both efficiency and distributive purposes, international boilerplate is used primarily for efficiency gains and power-distribution considerations are not systematically important. |
| `In' analytical Note | International Studies Quarterly Vol. 63, No.4; Dec 2019: p.923–937 |
| Journal Source | International Studies Quarterly Vol: 63 No 4 |
| Key Words | International Trade Agreements ; Boilerplate |