ID | 184121 |
Title Proper | Size, Correlates and Consumption Patterns of the Middle Class |
Other Title Information | Evidence from Pakistan |
Language | ENG |
Author | Masood Ur Rehman ; Ur Rehman, Masood ; Zafar, Sameen |
Summary / Abstract (Note) | Using three definitions of the middle class (MC) and the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement surveys from 2004 to 2014, we estimated the size of the MC and examined the correlates and consumption patterns of the MC for Pakistan. According to the absolute income, relative income and asset–ownership definitions, the MC grew by 16%, 8%, and 10%, respectively, from 2004 to 2014. The results of the biprobit model showed that the probability of entering the MC was associated with higher education, urban residence and non-agricultural employment. Additionally, the MC was associated with greater consumption of ordinary and luxury goods. |
`In' analytical Note | Journal of Asian and African Studies Vol. 57, No.3; May 2022: p.462-480 |
Journal Source | Journal of Asian and African Studies 2022-04 57, 3 |
Key Words | Middle Class ; Pakistan ; Economic Growth ; Consumption ; Developing Country ; Tobit Model ; Relative Income ; Biprobit Model ; Absolute Income ; Asset Ownership |