| ID | 199101 |
| Title Proper | Hybrid security in Nigeria–Benin borderlands |
| Other Title Information | Formal and informal security actors’ collaboration and implication for cross-border security (2010–2023) |
| Language | ENG |
| Author | Sowale, Adetayo |
| Summary / Abstract (Note) | In the borderland of Nigeria and the Republic of Benin there are both formal and informal security actors operating to curb trans-border crimes that extant literature is yet to adequately consider. Most empirical studies on the relations between security actors have largely focused on the nature of relations between formal security agencies and the implications of their relations for border security governance. This study fills the gap in the knowledge by investigating the nature of relations between formal and informal security actors. Utilising mixed-method research design and drawing on primary and secondary sources of data, the study contends that non-states security actors of different nomenclature such as Kelebe, Smugglers Association, Night Guards and Aja Custom, Social Safety Orientation Corps (So Safe Corps) exist in the borderland areas of Seme and Idi Iroko between Nigeria and the Republic of Benin. It is also argued that functional, dynamic and interest-based cordial relations between state and non-state security actors significantly contribute to curbing smuggling, drug trafficking, illegal migration with the exception of human trafficking. Thus, the study recommends that the Nigerian government should re-organise the border security order to include non-state security actors in the governance of borders between Nigeria and the Republic of Benin. |
| `In' analytical Note | African Security Review Vol. 34, No.2; Jun 2025: p.134-151 |
| Journal Source | African Security Review 2025-06 34, 2 |
| Key Words | Border Security ; Hybrid Security ; Formal security actor ; Informal security actor ; Nigeria and the Republic of Benin |