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ID: 021900

Non-trade concerns and the WTO jurisprudence in the asbetos cas / Musselli, Irene; Zarrilli, Simonetta

May 2002

Musselli, Irene	Article
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Publication	May 2002.
Description	373-393

Key Words

WTO ; World trade organization

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ID: 103336

Opportunities and barriers for international bioenergy trade / Junginger, Martin; Dam, Jinke van; Zarrilli, Simonetta; Mohamed, Fatin Ali

Zarrilli, Simonetta	Journal Article
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Publication

2011.

Summary/Abstract

Recently, the international trade of various bioenergy commodities has grown rapidly, yet this growth is also hampered by some barriers. The aim of this paper is to obtain an overview of what market actors currently perceive as major opportunities and barriers for the development of international bioenergy trade. The work focuses on three bioenergy commodities: bioethanol, biodiesel and wood pellets. Data were collected through an internet-based questionnaire. The majority of the 141 respondents had an industrial background. Geographically, two-thirds were from (mainly Western) Europe, with other minor contributions from all other continents. Results show that import tariffs and the implementation of sustainability certification systems are perceived as (potentially) major barriers for the trade of bioethanol and biodiesel, while logistics are seen mainly as an obstacle for wood pellets. Development of technical standards was deemed more as an opportunity than a barrier for all commodities. Most important drivers were high fossil fuel prices and climate change mitigation policies. Concluding, to overcome some of the barriers, specific actions will be required by market parties and policy makers. Import tariffs for biofuels could be reduced or abolished, linked to multinational trade agreements and harmonization (including provisions on technical standards and sustainability requirements).

Key Words

Biodiesel ; Bioenergy Trade ; Wood Pellets ; Marchal, Didier ; Faaij, Andre

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