| ID | 082704 |
| Title Proper | Arrested development |
| Other Title Information | the fight to end commercial whaling as a case of failed norm change |
| Language | ENG |
| Author | Bailey, Jennifer L |
| Publication | 2008. |
| Summary / Abstract (Note) | The International Whaling Commission's moratorium on commercial whaling took effect in 1986, seemingly marking the adoption of a new norm, that commercial whaling was no longer acceptable. But this norm has failed to become institutionalized. This article uses the norm life-cycle approach as developed by Finnemore and Sikkink (1998) to account for this failure. The effort ran aground because the norm proved unexpectedly ambiguous, a supporting epistemic community failed to emerge, the norm conflicted with other powerful norms, the prestige of the key anti-whaling states declined relative that of whaling states, and NGO tactics failed to win over the publics in key whaling states and instead created a counter-boomerang effect. The attempt may have resulted in the emergence of an alternative norm, but actors must act now to institutionalize it. |
| `In' analytical Note | European Journal of International Relations Vol. 14, No.2; Jun 2008: p289-318 |
| Journal Source | European Journal of International Relations Vol. 14, No.2; Jun 2008: p289-318 |
| Key Words | Environmental NGOs ; International Norm Change ; International Whaling Commission ; Norm Life-Cycle ; Whaling |