| ID | 112172 |
| Title Proper | Consumer jihad |
| Other Title Information | boycott fatwas nonviolent resistance on the world wide web |
| Language | ENG |
| Author | Halevi, Leor |
| Publication | 2012. |
| Summary / Abstract (Note) | This article deals with the origins, development, and popularity of boycott fatwas. Born of the marriage of Islamic politics and Islamic economics in an age of digital communications, these fatwas targeted American, Israeli, and Danish commodities between 2000 and 2006. Muftis representing both mainstream and, surprisingly, radical tendencies argued that jihad can be accomplished through nonviolent consumer boycotts. Their argument marks a significant development in the history of jihad doctrine because boycotts, construed as jihadi acts, do not belong to the commonplace categories of jihad as a "military" or a "spiritual" struggle. The article also demonstrates that boycott fatwas emerged, to a large degree, from below. New media, in particular interconnected computer networks, made it easier for laypersons to drive the juridical discourse. They did so before September 11 as well as, more insistently, afterward. Their consumer jihad had some economic impact on targeted multinationals, and it provoked corporate reactions. |
| `In' analytical Note | International Journal of Middle East Studies Vol. 44, No.1; Feb 2012: p.45-70 |
| Journal Source | International Journal of Middle East Studies Vol. 44, No.1; Feb 2012: p.45-70 |
| Key Words | Consumer Jihad ; Fatwas ; Nonviolent Resistance ; World Wide Web ; Islamic Politics ; Islamic Economics ; Digital Communication ; America ; Israel |