| ID | 116658 |
| Title Proper | Limping Euro |
| Language | ENG |
| Author | Malfa, Giorgio La |
| Publication | 2013. |
| Summary / Abstract (Note) | The Maastricht Treaty of 1992 launched European Monetary Union, outlining a three-phase process towards the euro. The first two stages were preparatory and focused on the new system's organisational aspects, with special reference to the workings of the European Central Bank and economic and financial convergence among candidate members. Convergence, based on the so-called Maastricht criteria, would decide which countries were to be allowed to take part in the third and final phase of the EMU. That phase began on 1 January 1999 when, for the 11 countries that had met the criteria, monetary policy was transferred from national central banks to the ECB. Greece joined later, and the start of 2002 saw the changeover from the 12 national currencies to the euro. By then, Europe's boldest project since the integration process of the 1950s was fully in place. |
| `In' analytical Note | Survival : the IISS Quarterly Vol. 55, No.1; Feb-Mar 2013: p.135-144 |
| Journal Source | Survival : the IISS Quarterly Vol. 55, No.1; Feb-Mar 2013: p.135-144 |
| Key Words | Maastricht Treaty - 1992 ; European Monetary Union ; European Central Bank ; Monetary Policy ; Europe |