| ID | 159438 |
| Title Proper | Military Learning and Adaptation Shaped by Social Context |
| Other Title Information | The U.S. Army and Its ‘Indian Wars 1790–1890, |
| Language | ENG |
| Author | Watson, Samuel |
| Summary / Abstract (Note) | The regular army, rather than citizen-soldiers, drove nineteenth-century U.S. military history (apart from the Civil War). The national standing army was crucial to the defeat of Native Americans, and more important than citizen-soldiers or white pressure on Native American subsistence. Despite new circumstances west of the Mississippi River, the contexts and methods of this warfare did not fundamentally change, and learning (or relearning) and adaptation were crucial to the army’s success. The most important learning was strategic, particularly in lessons of patience, persistence, and control over the initiation and conduct of warfare, and responded to external, non-military contexts (the tug of war between citizen land hunger and tax aversion). Army learning and adaptation did not win these wars by itself, but it facilitated the effective and successful use of force at a cost the nation was willing to pay, and reduced the incidence of large-scale atrocity in comparison with operations by citizen-soldiers. |
| `In' analytical Note | Journal of Military History Vol. 82, No.2; Apr 2018: p.373-412 |
| Journal Source | Journal of Military History 2018-06 82, 2 |
| Key Words | U.S. Army ; Military Learning ; Social Context ; Indian Wars ; Adaptation Shaped ; 1790–1890 |