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| Srl | Item |
| 1 |
ID:
191975
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| Summary/Abstract |
Political leaderships and their networks are influential and impactful in the decision-making process of societies worldwide. The role of the top political leaders is even more significant in authoritarian systems/single-party states like China. Absolute political power without resistance or opposition helps with quick decisions and policy formulations/alternations by government agencies. The competition to acquire power and position can be peaceful or fierce and depends on the capacities of individuals/institutions. This attempt to capture power, institutions and position among the elites of the Communist Party in China happens every five years during the Party Congress. Many factors determine the outcome of the fierce competition for power and positions in the Communist Party during the Party Congress. This fierce competition to acquire power influences ideological leanings, loyalty, political networks and governance models. The debate on the issues of consent, consensus and justice in the distribution/redistribution of power and positions in authoritarian regimes is tricky to conclude. Chinese Politics are like the ‘Great Wall of China’, where construction materials change based on geographical conditions. Chinese politics are also like the ancient Chinese board game of Wei qi, where the priority is to capture more territory over others.
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| 2 |
ID:
191973
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| Summary/Abstract |
The United Nations Charter specifies the primary objectives of the multilateral system as prevention of war, securing fundamental human rights, and promoting social progress and better standards of life. Yet, the UN has been unable to implement these objectives in a holistic manner. As a result, calls for “reformed multilateralism” with a “human-centric” focus have become widespread. The changed political realities of the world need to be integrated into the UN Charter to make multilateralism “fit-for-purpose” in the 21st century. India is among the leading proponents of “reformed multilateralism” and wants the system to reflect today’s realities and needs. The UN, however, is hampered by deep divisions. On one side the entrenched “permanent members” of the UN Security Council refuse to agree to any change in the status quo. On the other are the majority of UN member-states, mainly developing countries that have invested in multilateralism to ensure the implementation of a “human-centric” Agenda 2030 on Sustainable Development. The advocates of “reformed multilateralism” need an action plan by 2025, when the UN marks its 80th anniversary, to achieve their objective.
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| 3 |
ID:
191972
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| 4 |
ID:
191971
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| Summary/Abstract |
The multilateralism that emerged from the World War, as a framework of international
governance, was marked by universal membership of a variety of multilateral bodies
and arrangements, including the United Nations, its organs and agencies, the Bretton
Woods institutions (the World Bank, International Monetary Fund and others),
international treaties and conventions. It is, for the most part, a system created, interpreted
and administered by developed countries, or, more specifically, the victors of the World
War. Multilateralism sought to address global political, economic and security challenges,
with the more powerful countries keeping some sort of check on each other and
exercising some control over the behaviour of smaller countries, while giving them
also a voice and influence that they could not otherwise exercise. The Non-Aligned
Movement espoused the Lilliputian strategy of small countries banding together to
collectively influence larger ones and secure a measure of autonomy of policy.
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| 5 |
ID:
191974
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| Summary/Abstract |
Countries in South Asia are active participants in global multilateral processes aimed at addressing climate change, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in particular. As part of their commitments to the UNFCCC process, these countries have set out national targets for greenhouse gas emission reduction and decarbonisation. However, there is as yet a lack of collective efforts at the regional level. Given South Asia’s vulnerability to climate change, the region has a lot to gain by carving out a regional approach to address its multi-faceted impacts. Reviving a neglected regional agenda such as climate change can help address the inevitable cross-border environmental as well as humanitarian crises and reset the much needed regional multilateralism in the process.
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