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ID:
192558
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| Summary/Abstract |
What is the structure of the political framework that defines the relationship between Japan and China? In the early 2000s, a little before the thirtieth-year anniversary of normalization of the bilateral relationship, experts from the two countries argued over the importance of issues regarding history in the framework of bilateral relations. By discussing the formation of the debate on the so-called “1972 system,” and its background and subsequent development, this article indicates that China’s argument is transforming from rational to more nationalistic. The two consistent features of China’s strategic theory toward Japan are (1) China shares with Japan an understanding of where the issues in Sino-Japanese relations lie; and (2) China differs in many respects from Japan in its political interpretation of the issues and seeks setbacks from Japan in a manner consistent with guiding domestic public opinion in China. This implies that Japan and China can potentially share a common understanding of the issues at stake, despite political friction on the surface.
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| 2 |
ID:
192556
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One year has passed since Russia invaded Ukraine. Significant incongruity is apparent in Russia’s actions, such as changing the purpose of the war and attempting to gain public support by positioning the war as a fight against the West. Russia’s actions appear to be opportunistic. However, considering Russia’s actions after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, it appears that Russia heightened its anti-Western awareness in response to the actions of the West and escalated its responses to the countries of the former Soviet Union. Therefore, this article focuses on US moves toward the countries of the former Soviet Union after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and examines what provoked Russia. It then analyzes whether Russia’s actions are reactive or proactive and provides indications for understanding future developments in Russia.
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| 3 |
ID:
192553
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We recently see more and more news about space. While participation by private companies is certainly welcome, space exploration and development, in principle, has been and will have to remain a national project. Huge amounts of resources, human as well as financial, are required. The author declares that Japan must engage in space exploration now and provides three reasons and three responsibilities that Japan should take on in participating in international space projects.
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| 4 |
ID:
192554
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In December 2022, Prime Minister KISHIDA Fumio announced a new defense posture of Japan and published the National Security Strategy, the National Defense Strategy, and the Defense Buildup Program. He startled many by declaring that Japan would double its defense budget. It will make Japan’s defense budget the biggest in the world only after the United States and China. He also announced that Japan will acquire serious counter offensive capabilities, namely intermediate range missiles.
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| 5 |
ID:
192559
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This article discusses the British version of the Atoms for Peace campaign between the mid-1950s and the mid-1960s that aimed at maintaining, reorganizing, or strengthening its ties with countries in the traditional Briton sphere of influence as a scientific diplomacy tool for enhancing its soft power. The Conference of Commonwealth Atomic Scientists and the Harwell Reactor School were consistent with this objective. Notably, the United Kingdom prioritized its geopolitical interests in its Atoms for Peace overseas campaign. Desiring to maintain the British influence in the vast region from Ankara to Karachi, the United Kingdom also founded the regional nuclear center attached to the Baghdad Pact (or CENTO in later years). For creating an attractive magnetic force attached to Britain throughout the Middle East, the UK considered a regional nuclear center necessary to demonstrate the power of science and technology in practice.
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| 6 |
ID:
192557
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This study examines how CCP-PLA relations have evolved in the Xi Jinping era. It explores how the norms and institutions governing the party-military relations have enabled and constrained Xi to consolidate personal power and authority in the military. Specifically, this study focuses on military reforms initiated and implemented under Xi’s strong leadership, evaluating the extent to which the reform efforts have delivered the initial goal of enhancing the PLA’s operational capability and reinforcing the military’s political loyalty. This study argues that Xi’s increased personal power in the military has somewhat compromised the Party’s control of the military and, over the long-term, may have negative implications for China’s warfighting capability.
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| 7 |
ID:
192560
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article analyzes the results of the 2022 US midterm elections and looks ahead to the trends in US political diplomacy after the elections. Results from the midterm elections were more successful than expected for the Democratic Party, and there appears to be a tailwind for the Joe Biden administration. However, the international situation remains difficult to navigate due to the ongoing divisions in the US, the situation in Ukraine, and tensions in the Taiwan Strait. It then discusses how Japan should respond to the worsening security environment after the elections, including some long-term perspectives. Japan and the US need to transform the mindset from mere alliance maintenance of the past to develop ways to fully utilize the alliance (alliance projection), and to cooperate in preventing moves to change the status quo in the Indo-Pacific region. The Kishida Fumio administration issued three revised security documents, including the National Security Strategy, in December 2022, and Japan is now moving toward having not only a “shield” but also a “spear.” In order to deepen the Japan-US alliance and to work with the Indo-Pacific nations, it is essential to gain strong support from the public.
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| 8 |
ID:
192555
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| Summary/Abstract |
The Kishida administration adopted a set of three new national security and defense strategy documents at a Cabinet meeting in December 2022. They included the decision to possess counterstrike capabilities, something the author had advocated for many years. This article reviews the evolution of Japan’s security policy from the postwar era to today and discusses how the Russian invasion of Ukraine has clarified the national security strategy that Japan should pursue.
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