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| 1 |
ID:
194185
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| Summary/Abstract |
EN ROUTE to the African continent, those of us on the special flight of Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov made forecasts about what would happen at the summit in Johannesburg, how BRICS expansion would unfold, which countries would join the Big Five, and how many. After the IL-96 aircraft of the Russia flight group took off, the minister, as is his custom, went into the main cabin to meet with journalists. He was in excellent form, in a good mood, and friendly and witty as always. He wished us successful work. We wished him the same. We flew on, anticipating a large-scale, world-class event. And then there were three days of summit meetings - three days that changed the world forever. Expectations were not simply met, but exceeded the wildest forecasts. The XV BRICS summit became the most representative in the entire history of the association. Delegations from nearly 60 countries took part in the forum. Its decisions, without any exaggeration, can be called historic.
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| 2 |
ID:
194201
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THE 50th anniversary of the 1973 coup in Chile does not seem like an event from the distant past. One still thinks with a great deal of pain about the heavy human losses, flagrant violations of human rights, and glaring humiliations of human dignity that those events entailed. Such thoughts will be particularly poignant for people with first-hand experience of September 11, 1973, and its aftermath. The author of this article is one of them.
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| 3 |
ID:
194199
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| Summary/Abstract |
International Affairs: Murat Magometovich [Zyazikov], you were appointed Russia's Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the Republic of Cyprus in September 2022. How would you describe the past period from the perspective of bilateral relations between Moscow and Nicosia?
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| 4 |
ID:
194206
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ESSAY-STYLE monographs are a unique academic genre. The genre is used quite rarely, and the phrase "for the general reader" is an entirely appropriate description for it. Essay-style monographs typically address several topics and aim to link together several storylines and sometimes completely different topics. One can read either individual chapters or the whole book. Reading the entire book would inevitably put the reader in the shoes of a critic.
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| 5 |
ID:
194187
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| Summary/Abstract |
THE idea of the outside world and the role that Russia plays in it has undergone radical changes in Moscow's official worldviews since 2014.
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| 6 |
ID:
194186
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THE main phenomenon of the social mainstream is the institution of the state and its evolution ("shrinking"), associated with the increased activity of civil society and a reevaluation of the role of the market.
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| 7 |
ID:
194208
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| Summary/Abstract |
THE publication of a textbook by Alexey Fenenko* for university students on the history of international relations in the pre-Westphalian era, released by Aspekt Press, has significantly enriched existing scholarship on this subject. Essentially, this is amonograph in atextbook format. One objective of this study, according to its author, is to provide an understanding of the logic of interstate relations in the period before the emergence of nation-states.
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| 8 |
ID:
194202
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A VAST body of historical sources confirms that in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Emperor Nicholas II and Russian diplomacy helped Ethiopia, Siam, and the Boer States avoid subjugation by Western colonialists. The Russian Empire had geopolitical interests of its own in these regions yet was never guided solely by them when aiding these countries. The message the Russian Foreign Ministry sent to Emperor (Negus) of Ethiopia Menelik II said, in part: "Unlike all other European powers, we do not pursue selfish or even mercantile aims in Africa either today or in future; the government entrusted me to inform Your Majesty that in view of the friendly personal feelings of the Sovereign of Russia toward You, ... we should compassionately support all Your efforts ... to establish harmony and welfare in Ethiopia."
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| 9 |
ID:
194194
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ACCELERATING global geopolitical changes have moved security higher up on the agenda of the Union State of Russia and Belarus. After the Union State adopted a new military doctrine in 2021, it became essential for Russia and Belarus to develop ideas to form the basis for an ideological security system for the Union State. This article proposes a set of ideas that are shared by Russia and Belarus, in tune with 21st-century realities, based on historical experience, do not conflict with the national interests of either country, and have the potential for the same emotional impact on Russians as on Belarusians.
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| 10 |
ID:
194192
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MODERN India is a dynamically developing country with a robust industry, significant labor resources, a diverse mineral and raw material base, a growing science and technology potential, and a rapidly expanding service sector that includes information technology, e-commerce, banking and finance, transportation, and construction
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| 11 |
ID:
194193
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DEAR readers, colleagues, friends! First off, I would like to thank the editorial staff of International Affairs for the opportunity to address you on these pages, in this esteemed journal, which marked its centenary last year. You do significant and very important work bringing to the Russian and foreign audience (and I will note that in addition to Russian, your journal is published in eight foreign languages) the well-considered and well-grounded position of the Russian Foreign Ministry, thus making a notable contribution to upholding Russia's interests in the international diplomatic arena.
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| 12 |
ID:
194198
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| Summary/Abstract |
Armen Oganesyan, Editor-in-Chief of International Affairs: Olga Vitalyevna [Plyusnina], your roots in Kostroma go back generations. One could say that you carry within you the spirit of Kostroma. As the head of a pilgrimage center, are you seeing not only a growing number of pilgrims, but a change in their quality as well? What are people interested in?
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| 13 |
ID:
194207
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BY EARLY 1900, the Yihetuan (Boxer) Rebellion had grown, acquired aggressive overtones, and threatened the lives of Russian diplomats. Empress Dowager Cixi and some of her courtiers took refuge in the Embassy Quarter. Mikhail von Giers, Ambassador of the Russian Empire to China, together with the staff of the mission that found itself in the line of fire, had to resort to armed defense. The siege lasted two months.
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| 14 |
ID:
194195
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IN RUSSIA, special attention has always been paid to education in the field of WMD nonproliferation, arms control, and nuclear policy. The Russian school is highly respected and in demand both at home and abroad. Over the past 10 years, universities both in the capital and in the regions have developed a whole range of specialized educational programs on these topics. However, the new reality has affected education as much as other areas and given rise to the need for comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of approaches to educational processes, including in this area.
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| 15 |
ID:
194204
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| Summary/Abstract |
SEVENTY-FIVE years ago, the way was opened for Soviet athletes to participate in the Olympic Games and in the activities of international sports federations.
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| 16 |
ID:
194205
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| Summary/Abstract |
ON FEBRUARY 13, 1956, the first Soviet Antarctic station Mirny was opened on the shore of the Davis Sea. The station got its name from the sloop Mirny that participated in Russia's 1819-1821 South Pole expedition. Its crew members became the first people on the planet to see and map the icy shores of the mysterious Terra Australis. A capsule with soil from Stalingrad's Mamayev Kurgan, which is sacred to our people, was laid at the base of the station flagpole on which the Soviet national flag was raised. These symbolic acts testified to the inseparable connection between generations of Russian trailblazers, victorious heroes of the Great Patriotic War, and the country's postwar generation. This was how our country made its debut on the sixth continent after a more than a century-long hiatus.
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| 17 |
ID:
194203
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| Summary/Abstract |
IN THE second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries, thanks to the activities of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem and the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society (IOPS), many land plots were acquired in various towns and villages of the Holy Land on which churches, compounds, abodes, hotels for pilgrims, and schools for children were built. Numerous Russian properties in the Holy Land were even referred to as "Russian Palestine." After the end of the Crimean War (1853-1856), according to the Treaty of Paris of 1856, Russia lost the right to have a military fleet in the Black Sea.1 At the same time, the Russian Empire could maintain and strengthen its presence in the Mediterranean Sea by organizing pilgrimages to Orthodox shrines of the East and establishing a Russian merchant shipping company and a seaport in Odessa for this purpose. Among the ideologists of this project was statesman, public figure, and member of the first council of the Orthodox Palestine Society Boris Pavlovich Mansurov, "one of the founders of the idea of a Russian presence in the Holy Land."
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| 18 |
ID:
194197
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| Summary/Abstract |
International Affairs: The summit of the Group of Twenty (G20) held in New Delhi on September 9-10, 2023, according to its direct participants, was one of the most complicated in the entire history of the group. Until the very last moment, there was no certainty that the countries 'positions on the Ukraine crisis would be coordinated or that compromises enabling them to adopt a final document - the New Delhi Leaders' Declaration - would be reached. But their efforts were successful. As India's G20 Sherpa Amitabh Kant wrote on his social media page, the summit adopted a "historical and path breaking #G20 Declaration with 100% consensus on all developmental and geo-political issues. "
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| 19 |
ID:
194200
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| Summary/Abstract |
AMBASSADOR extraordinary and plenipotentiary Vladislav Petrovich Terekhov passed away on September 11, 2023.
Vladislav Petrovich devoted his entire long, happy, and interesting life to serving his country. His name has undoubtedly gone down in the annals of Russian and Soviet history.
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| 20 |
ID:
194196
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| Summary/Abstract |
THE answer that immediately jumps to mind is "nothing." Clearly, this is largely an impulsive answer, but it has a basis in art history. Paul Gauguin became a full-time artist at the age of 42, before which there had been no obvious sign that he would choose that path. He spent most of his youth as a seaman before he got married and became a stockbroker. Then suddenly he started painting, quit his job, left his family, and went to Tahiti, where he created his most famous paintings. But before his death he was practically unappreciated. Critics and journalists mocked his paintings.
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