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| 1 |
ID:
194224
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| Summary/Abstract |
CIVILIZATION, as a category, has a range of meanings in both history and modern philosophy and politics. In The Grammar of Civilizations, which appeared in the 1960s, Fernand Braudel reasoned that it is impossible to define this concept unambiguously. He believed that the category of "civilization" refers to historically enduring fundamentals that are constantly changing their meaning, never ceasing to evolve before our eyes.1 Indeed, it is the enduring significance of the phenomenon of civilization that explains the increased interest in it in an era of instability, when previous forms of the existence and functioning of the world are being questioned and transformed.
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| 2 |
ID:
194234
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| Summary/Abstract |
IN 1938, all the churches near Berdyansk were closed, and the priests who had not yet been arrested came to the city hoping to somehow survive, to be near the church building, to be able to participate in the Sacraments at least occasionally. At that time, the dean in Berdyansk was the famous Archpriest Viktor Mikhailovich Kiranov - a spiritually beautiful and strong person. He hailed from an ancient Bulgarian priestly family, the founder of which was, according to legend, the priest Protasiy Kiranov. Archpriest Stefan Kiranov left invaluable information about the Kiranov family and the cruel persecution of Orthodox clergy in his memoir titled "The Story of a Bessarabian Priest About the Suffering Under the Turkish Yoke of Orthodox Bulgarians Who Fled Turkey to Russia in 1830 and Settled in Bessarabia."** What follows is an excerpt from that memoir.
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| 3 |
ID:
194213
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| Summary/Abstract |
PROVIDING aid to other countries has always been an aspect of international relations. Amid the intensified struggle of neocolonialism and independent development on the global stage, Russia is facing new major challenges in the area of foreign aid, which, as former Italian Foreign Minister Franco Frattini noted, "has become an increasingly expanding component of the foreign policy of states in determining not only their mutual relations, but also the entire balance of the international system."
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| 4 |
ID:
194210
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| Summary/Abstract |
REALISTS believe that human nature is inherently flawed (the legacy of Hobbes's anthropological pessimism and, on an even deeper level, the legacy of the Christian idea of the Fall, or lapsus in Latin) and cannot be fundamentally corrected, which means that selfishness, predation, and violence are impossible to eradicate. This leads to the conclusion that man (who, according to Hobbes, is a wolf to another man) can only be restrained and regulated by means of a strong state. The state is inevitable and is the bearer of supreme sovereignty. At the same time, the predatory and egoistic nature of man is projected onto the state; therefore, the nation-state has its own interests. These interests take into account only their own state, while the will to violence and greed mean war is always a possibility. Realists believe that this has always been and always will be.
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| 5 |
ID:
194219
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| Summary/Abstract |
THE Black Sea region, which was on the fringe of the global political scene during the Cold War, has become ground zero for the formation of the new world order, and no matter how one sees this region's geopolitical configuration, Crimea plays one of the principal roles in it.1 Control of the peninsula guarantees control of territories north of the Black Sea, just as control of the Bosporus and Dardanelles Straits means control of the south of the region. For two millennia, imperial ambitions focused simultaneously on Crimea and the Straits. This formula for regional stability and development effectively amounts to shared control by different nations. Over centuries of conflict and cooperation, Turkey and Russia have developed a mechanism for such control and are not prepared to lose it or have it watered down.
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| 6 |
ID:
194229
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| Summary/Abstract |
ARTICLE 4 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) vests the EU with "competence to carry out activities ... in the areas of research, technological development and space ... in particular to define and implement programmes" but adds that "the exercise of that competence shall not result in Member States being prevented from exercising theirs." In other words, member countries are free to legislate on the creation, commercialization, and application of technologies, while the mission of the EU as an organization is to provide general legal support for their technological development. EU institutions form the European Research Area (ERA), a system for the free circulation of researchers, scientific knowledge, and technology, and provide companies, research centers, and universities with facilities for being competitive players on the world market.
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| 7 |
ID:
194232
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| Summary/Abstract |
Answer: The events of October 7 dealt a major blow to the IDF's reputation, but the importance of this failure should not be either exaggerated or downplayed. The existing situation today is the result of a whole series of factors: mistakes made in Israeli intelligence, Hamas's thorough preparation, and accumulated socioeconomic changes both in Israel itself and in the Gaza Strip. At the same time, the element of surprise is still an important military factor. Modern warfare is characterized by the extreme difficulty of the covert deployment of large-scale military contingents in a world of well-developed space reconnaissance and a camera in every phone. This is still true for large-scale deployments and for sizable military theaters.
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| 8 |
ID:
194235
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| Summary/Abstract |
THE 18th "Won Together" film festival kicked off on November 4, 2023, the Day of People's Unity. Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov sent a message of greetings that said, in part: "The festival has over the years become a respected creative platform for dialogue among filmmakers of many countries."
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| 9 |
ID:
194209
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| Summary/Abstract |
Armen Oganesyan, Editor-in-Chief of International Affairs: Sergey Alekseyevich [Ryabkov], right now there is a lot of talk about how the West needs a new Ukraine strategy. The voices of many politicians and scholars in the US urging that Kiev be persuaded to wake up to strategic reality and even sit down at the negotiating table are growing stronger. But how realistic are the calls of the "peacemakers" who have suddenly seen the light?
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| 10 |
ID:
194226
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| Summary/Abstract |
IF an enlightened Russian reader five years ago had the opportunity to peruse today's news in Russian or foreign media, they would likely find it challenging to believe what they read and might suspect deception. This is understandable. Five years ago, some of the things happening today would have seemed unimaginable (except to those few people who, even then, could foresee the scenarios planned earlier and unfolding today; Vladimir Zhirinovsky shared some interesting ideas regarding future events, conflicts, and the civilizational struggle).
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| 11 |
ID:
194216
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| Summary/Abstract |
RUSSIA, and not only Russia, has launched a thorough and long overdue revision of the ideas that are largely responsible for the economic, political, and cultural characteristics of the worldthatemerged after the end of the Cold War in a climate of "unipolarity" and consequent globalization. Revision of these ideas, which at first glance seem to have been internalized, is part of an effort to consolidate the principle of multipolarity in international affairs, since it is obvious that a country cannot be genuinely independent without upholding its unique cultural values and customs any more than it can achieve technological sovereignty without having its own science and industry.
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