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GOVERNMENT POLICY (64) answer(s).
 
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ID:   133459


Argentina: driven black / Hoffman, Meredith   Journal Article
Hoffman, Meredith Journal Article
0 Rating(s) & 0 Review(s)
Publication 2014.
Summary/Abstract When the peso hit rock bottom in January, Ande Wanderer rang up her money dealer-a former official in Argentina's national government. She'd sold off her stocks, cashed in her American savings, and wired him the money. Now she rushed to his office, a ninth floor room in downtown Buenos Aires. The official exchange rate was 8 pesos to the dollar. But her dealer gave her 11-the black market rate at the time-and kept a small fee for himself. That meant she got some 40 percent more pesos for her U.S. money.
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2
ID:   088971


Burning peat in Ireland: An electricity market dispatch perspective / Tuohy, Aidan; Bazilian, Morgan   Journal Article
Tuohy, Aidan Journal Article
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Publication 2009.
Summary/Abstract This paper examines peat power production in Ireland under the three pillars of energy policy-security, competitiveness and environment. Peat contributes to energy security-as an indigenous fuel, it reduces dependency on imports. During a period of low capacity margins, the operation of the peat plants is useful from a system security perspective. Peat generation is being financially supported by consumers through an electricity levy. The fuel also has high carbon intensity. It is not politically viable to consider peat on equal economic criteria to other plant types because of history and location. This paper reviews electricity generation through combustion of peat in Ireland, and quantifies the costs of supporting peat utilising economic dispatch tools, finding the subsidy is not insignificant from a cost or carbon perspective. It shows that while peat is beneficial for one pillar of energy policy (security), the current usage of peat is not optimal from a competitiveness or environmental perspective. By switching from the current 'must-run' mode of operation for peat to the 'dispatched' mode used for the other generation, significant societal savings (in the range €21 m per annum) can be achieved, as well as reducing system emissions by approximately 5% per year.
Key Words Government Policy  Peat Energy 
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3
ID:   127911


Can the regulated market help foster a free market for wind ene / Dalbem, Marta Corrêa; Brandão, Luiz Eduardo Teixeira; Lima, Leonardo   Journal Article
Dalbem, Marta Corrêa Journal Article
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Publication 2014.
Summary/Abstract Wind energy has been negotiated in Brazil's regulated market through auctions organized by the government. Bilateral negotiations in the free market have been scarce. In 2011 wind farms were allowed to bid in 'A minus 5 (A?5)' auctions, for energy with first delivery date 5 years ahead. This new design was expected to stimulate negotiations in the free market, as the 20-year contract in the regulated market eases financing while the 5-year grace period grants wind farms the option to sell whatever energy is generated beforehand in the free market. We modeled bidders' price decision in A?5 auctions as Real Options and concluded that given the low prices averaging USD 50/MW h, winners are tempted to defer investment, expecting more favorable equipment and energy prices, or a better knowledge of the wind site. Construction is likely to begin in 2-3 years, with little time left for the free market. Bidders that consider the option of eventually abandoning the project are more price competitive, increasing chances that some wind farms will never materialize. Therefore, this attempt to foster the free market may not pay-off and, moreover, it may have the unfavorable effect of turning Brazil's energy expansion planning a more difficult task.
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4
ID:   108086


China, oil and global politics / Andrews-Speed, Philip; Dannreuther, Roland 2011  Book
Andrews-Speed, Philip Book
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Publication London, Routledge, 2011.
Description xiv, 233p.
Standard Number 9780415603959, hbk
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Copies: C:1/I:0,R:0,Q:0
Circulation
Accession#Call#Current LocationStatusPolicyLocation
056348338.272820951/AND 056348MainOn ShelfGeneral 
5
ID:   131039


Congestion clearance: as passenger traffic grows in India, investing in state-of-the-art technology for civil airports is imperative / Chandra, Atul   Journal Article
Chandra, Atul Journal Article
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Publication 2014.
Summary/Abstract India's growing civil aviation sector now has an increasing number of scheduled, non-scheduled airlines, flying institutes and private-use aircraft that will require a larger number of airports and airfields to enable air connectivity across all corners of the country. The Airports Authority of India (AAI) had already begun work on 50 low-cost airports, located in remote and interior areas of the country. In addition to this greenfield airports at Navi Mumbai, Goa, Kannur and Kushinagar, AAI has identified six airports for private management under the Public Private Partnership (PPP) route following the successful implementation of PPP models in Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad and Cochin. All these measure will not only lead to more airports but also increased utilisation of existing airports, thus helping to increase air traffic but at the same time putting additional pressure on airspace management. In another recent move, the government allowed flexi use of airspace by civil and military users on a sharing basis, which will enable the available airspace to be used in a more optimised and effective manner.
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6
ID:   149937


Consumers’ evaluation of national new energy vehicle policy in China: an analysis based on a four paradigm model / Li, Wenbo; Long, Ruyin ; Chen, Hong   Journal Article
Long, Ruyin Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract The Chinese government has issued numerous policies to promote the development and adoption of new energy vehicles (NEVs) to address the problem of excessive energy consumption and environmental pollution. In this study we divided these policies into seven categories: macroscopic, demonstration, subsidization, preferential tax, technical support, industry management, and infrastructure. Since consumers’ opinions affect the policy choices of government, based on questionnaire data we use a four paradigm model to analyze the consumers’ evaluation of each policy in terms of perceptions of importance and satisfaction. The results show that macroscopic policies are perceived to be of high importance and satisfaction, whereas for industry management policies they are perceived to be of low importance and satisfaction. The importance perceptions of preferential tax and demonstration policies are low, whereas perceptions of their satisfaction are high. Perceptions of the importance of subsidization, technical support, and infrastructure policies are high, whereas perceptions of their satisfaction are low. We find that the subsidization, technical support, and infrastructure policies need urgent improvement. Finally, we put forward several suggestions to improve the current policies and increase the consumers’ intention to adopt NEVs.
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7
ID:   126477


Credibility paradox: violence as a double-edged sword in international politics / Abrahms, Max   Journal Article
Abrahms, Max Journal Article
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Publication 2013.
Summary/Abstract Implicit in the rationalist literature on bargaining over the last half-century is the political utility of violence. Given our anarchical international system populated with egoistic actors, violence is thought to promote concessions by lending credibility to their threats. From the vantage of bargaining theory, then, empirical research on terrorism poses a puzzle. For nonstate actors, terrorism signals a credible threat in comparison with less extreme tactical alternatives. In recent years, however, a spate of studies across disciplines and methodologies has nonetheless found that neither escalating to terrorism nor with terrorism encourages government concessions. In fact, perpetrating terrorist acts reportedly lowers the likelihood of government compliance, particularly as the civilian casualties rise. The apparent tendency for this extreme form of violence to impede concessions challenges the external validity of bargaining theory, as traditionally understood. In this study, I propose and test an important psychological refinement to the standard rationalist narrative. Via an experiment on a national sample of adults, I find evidence of a newfound cognitive heuristic undermining the coercive logic of escalation enshrined in bargaining theory. Due to this oversight, mainstream bargaining theory overestimates the political utility of violence, particularly as an instrument of coercion.
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8
ID:   132795


Crime breeds in the gaps of the social system of the country / Sanyal, S   Journal Article
Sanyal, S Journal Article
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Publication 2014.
Summary/Abstract A social system of a country is the baseline and the centre of growth and it acts as a mirror to the development of the nation and its people as a whole. When feelings of unrest, dissatisfaction and being ignored spread from one individual to more people in the same situation. they gradually transgress to bigger groups. having a ripple effect on a particular section of the society. Finally, they emerge into a larger unrest and turbulence, not only bringing in a divide between different regions, slates and communities, but also disrupting the total harmony of the country. Inequality is the main cause of this disharmony, and it can spiral-head from many sources. The simmering uneasiness, if not contained or controlled by the government. explodes into all forms of social turbulence. ranging from class and caste fight to communal riots and internal turbulence. fostering insurgency and a separatist attitude among the people in the country. Regional divide further promotes polarization of a particular section of the society, which then fights for a separate statehood. These are the consequences of an unequal distribution of growth wealth and prosperity. Thereafter, these gaps, differences and inequality are factors which contribute to social dysfuction and become a vital cause of crimes of any pattern
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9
ID:   132495


Critically examining the role government and non-governmental o: lesson from India / Parida, Pranaya Kumar; Raut, Smita   Journal Article
Parida, Pranaya Kumar Journal Article
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Publication 2014.
Summary/Abstract Each day, natural disasters such as ?oods, earthquakes and hurricanes/ cyclones threaten human life and cause severe environmental losses around the world. During the last decade, disasters have affected the lives and assets of almost 2.4 billion people across the world (OCHO, 2010). In India alone since the year 2000, an average 65 million people have been affected by disasters every year. Of this, 8.45 million have been children under the age of ?ve and 3.25 million are pregnant and lactating mothers (UNICEF). Such humanitarian crises often set back the developmental gains of lesser developed regions by several" decades. Not only do disasters lead to the loss of life and property, but "the immediate a?ermath is a complex situation complicated by issues of logistics, search and rescue, relief distribution, limited accessibility to some of the affected areas, the threat of secondary disasters, the mostly well-intentioned interests of diverse stakeholder groups (which many a times are external to the context of thedisaster), the in?ow of aid material and grants, political interest, media interest and often limited administration capacity. Government is responsible for administrative arrangements dealing with disasters.- Effective policies play a vital role in mitigating the impact of disasters and reducing likely losses of life and property ( Erramilli, 2008) . The disaster management, which is not being treated as a sector by itself, is undergoing major changes, especially at the institutional and policy levels, which are prompted by various. macro-level factors ( Wagle and Warghade, 2006). Effective coordination among various stakeholders, specifically the Government, the international community and nongovernmental organizations (NGOS) in the aftermath of a disaster is critical to, among other things, a minimization in disaster response time, the proper allocation of resources and the avoidance of duplication of response efforts; Moreover, as economic growth and sustainable development are essential to successful disaster preparedness and mitigation efforts, effective coordination has the potential to strengthen the link between emergency response, preparedness and long-term development strategies.
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10
ID:   128094


Decent proposals: security challenges facing Mexico's new president / Camacho, Pablo Vazquez   Journal Article
Camacho, Pablo Vazquez Journal Article
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Publication 2012.
Summary/Abstract Mexico's problems of violence and drug trafficking by organized crime groups have promoted demands fro change in security policy. Pablo Vazquez Camacho assesses the incoming president's plans for reform and tackling the causes of crime
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11
ID:   092525


Dilemma of Chinese healthcare reform: how to re-define government roles? / Wang, Hufeng   Journal Article
Wang, Hufeng Journal Article
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Publication 2009.
Summary/Abstract This paper discusses the government's roles in the healthcare sector in China. The paper begins with an introduction to the Chinese healthcare sector (supply and demand side) and to the current government's roles. It then reviews the recent transformation of the healthcare sector, with an emphasis on the change in the government's roles and the problems resulting from this transformation. The following is an examination of the latest healthcare reform policies and an exploration of pending government roles. Contrary to the opinion that problems existing in Chinese healthcare are primarily caused by market failure, this paper argues that the historically ambiguous and inappropriate roles of government in the provision of health care should be reexamined. This paper concludes that the most important issue facing the Chinese healthcare sector is finding the optimal balance between market and government.
Key Words Health  China  Government Policy  Reform  Health Care Markets 
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12
ID:   132667


Ethical and legal challenges in bioenergy governance: coping with value disagreement and regulatory complexity / Gamborg, Christian; Anker, Helle Tegner; Sandoe, Peter   Journal Article
Gamborg, Christian Journal Article
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Publication 2014.
Summary/Abstract The article focuses on the interplay between two factors giving rise to friction in bioenergy governance: profound value disagreements (e.g. the prioritizing of carbon concerns like worries over GHG emissions savings over non-carbon related concerns) and regulatory complexity (in terms of regulatory measures and options). We present ethical and legal analyses of the current stalemate on bioenergy governance in the EU using two illustrative cases: liquid biofuels for transport and solid biomass-based bioenergy. The two cases disclose some similarities between these two factors, but the remaining differences may partly explain, or justify, contrasting forms of governance. While there seems to be no easy way in which the EU and national governments can deal with the multiple sustainability issues raised by bioenergy, it is argued that failure to deal explicitly with the underlying value disagreements, or to make apparent the regulatory complexity, clouds the issue of how to move forward with governance of bioenergy. We suggest that governance should be shaped with greater focus on the role of value disagreements and regulatory complexity. There is a need for more openness and transparency about such factors, and about the inherent trade-offs in bioenergy governance.
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13
ID:   111060


Figuring what's fair: the cost of equity capital for renewable energy in emerging markets / Donovan, Charles; Nunez, Laura   Journal Article
Donovan, Charles Journal Article
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Publication 2012.
Summary/Abstract The appropriate cost of capital for a renewable energy project depends upon an accurate measure of investment risk. Employing the conceptual framework of a commonly accepted asset pricing model, we analyze the risk faced by renewable energy investors in large emerging markets. We find that firms in Brazil, China and India expose multinational investors to the same risk as investing in emerging markets generally. The risk to domestic investors in those same firms ranges from substantially below-average to above-average, depending upon the country. The results are robust across several model versions and statistical techniques. With an eye toward government efforts to encourage the deployment of renewable energy in developing countries, we establish a range of estimates for the required return on equity capital in this fast-growing and politically important economic sector.
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14
ID:   073458


Geographical and structural constraints of regional development: a study of Gansu Province / Wei, Yehua; Fang, Chuanglin   Journal Article
Wei, Yehua Journal Article
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Publication 2006.
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15
ID:   090108


Government policies and private enterprise development in China: 2003-2006 / Zhao, Shiyong   Journal Article
Zhao, Shiyong Journal Article
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Publication 2009.
Summary/Abstract The relationship between government policy and economic development has been along-standing topic of academic research and policy debate. The government of a transitional economy plays an important role in the process of economic development. Over the past three decades, the Chinese economy has been growing very rapidly, in particular because of the rapid development of the private sector. However, the performance of private enterprises is still affected by government policies. In the present paper, we examine the changes in large Chinese private enterprises' performance during 2003-2006 and test the determinants of such changes. We conclude that the Chinese Government's discriminating policies against private enterprises are the main cause of the private sector's downturn.
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16
ID:   154534


Government policies, regional trading agreements and the economic performance of local electronics component producing SMEs in M / Rasiah, Rajah ; Thangiah, Govindamal   Journal Article
Rasiah, Rajah Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract Several governments, including Malaysia's, have promoted small and medium enterprises (SMEs) for the socio-economic benefits such policies bring. Since the 1990s, Malaysian SMEs have progressed to take advantage of the exporting opportunities opened up by regional trading arrangements (RTAs). Using the electronics industry, which is prevalent in the manufacturing sector of Malaysia, this paper seeks to analyse the relationships between size and technological and performance variables. While foreign electronics firms in Malaysia have been thoroughly studied in the past, this paper focuses on national firms, which have been understudied thus far. SMEs show stronger participation in exports to ASEAN countries than large firms. Size did not matter in the intensity of use of technological capability variables. The government's initiatives to support them with ICT infrastructure, and trade promotion may have been successful. Also, RTAs show significant importance as the relationship between firms using them and intensity of exports to ASEAN and Northeast Asia is positive and strong. Also, while the incidence of participation in in-house R&D (IHRD) and training expenditure in payroll (TEP) is higher among firms that have used RTA instruments compared to firms that have not, firm size was not significant.
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17
ID:   133731


Health system reform and political participation on the Chinese / Balla, Steven J   Journal Article
Balla, Steven J Journal Article
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Publication 2014.
Summary/Abstract Authoritarian regimes, such as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), seek to bolster legitimacy by facilitating communications between citizens and government officials. This article investigates the operation of online consultation, a process through which citizens offer feedback on draft laws and regulations. The article specifically examines the importance of demographic characteristics and subjective motivations in the expression of citizen sentiments in response to a proposed revision to China's health system. By bringing together analysis of the content of citizen sentiment with a survey of participants, the article illuminates the determinants of the tone and substance of citizen feedback in health system reform. The primary finding is that participants who were internally efficacious and democratically oriented were, relative to respondents not possessing such traits, positive in tone and highly substantive in the submission of their comments concerning health system reform. This finding indicates that the health system reform commenting process offered citizens the opportunity to gain exposure to democratic principles and the process of articulating interests. More broadly, the analysis suggests the promise of online consultation in promoting citizen satisfaction with public policies, the legitimacy of the CCP, and, ultimately, stability in the Chinese political system.
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18
ID:   100791


How to influence government policy with your research: tips from practicing political scientists in government / Farmer, Rick   Journal Article
Farmer, Rick Journal Article
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Publication 2010.
Summary/Abstract Government policymakers rarely consult with academic experts before formulating policy positions. When policymakers do seek out academics, they are often attempting to justify a position they already hold, not searching for objective analysis. Academics could add much to the policy debate if they were more meaningfully engaged in the discussion.
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19
ID:   105764


Impact of experience on government policy toward acceptance of / Kang, Min Jung; Park, Heejun   Journal Article
Kang, Min Jung Journal Article
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Publication 2011.
Summary/Abstract As the "low carbon, green growth" agenda, which emphasized sustainable development through equilibrium between economic growth and environmental preservation, is propagated rapidly in Korea. Despite this progress, it is not uncommon for new products made through advanced technologies, such as hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, to face public skepticism preventing market penetration. Therefore, the factors impacting customer acceptance of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have to be estimated. Furthermore, it is necessary to examine whether or not the policies related to these products can prevent public skepticism regarding them. This empirical study examining the relationship between personal experiences related to the policy and acceptance of the innovative products of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles shows that government involvement in technology targeting and promotions administered by the "low carbon, green growth" agenda rarely stimulate potential customers' purchase intentions. Thus, technology targeting administered by the "low carbon, green growth" agenda needs to be reconciled with customer responses to the future market.
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20
ID:   125525


Impact of government policy on preference for NEVs: the evidence from China / Zhang, Xian; Wang, Ke; Hao, Yu; Fan, Jing-Li   Journal Article
Wang, Ke Journal Article
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Publication 2013.
Summary/Abstract To reduce gasoline consumption and emissions, the Chinese government has introduced a series of preferential policies to encourage the purchase of new energy vehicles (NEVs). However, enthusiasm for the private purchase of NEVs appears to be very low. This timely paper addresses the need for an empirical study to explore this phenomenon by identifying purchase motivations of potential NEV consumers and examining the impact of government policies introduced to promote NEVs in China. A questionnaire survey was carried out. The acceptance of NEVs is measured in three different logistic models: the willingness of consumers to purchase NEVs, the purchasing time, and the acceptable price. The results showed that financial benefits, performance attributes, environmental awareness and psychological needs are the four most important factors influencing consumers' acceptance of NEVs. Among these, performance attributes rather than financial benefits are the most important indicator. The moderating effect of government policies to relations between purchasing intention, time and price is not strong as respected while the policy implications are clear that the 'public awareness of government policy' functions as a moderator in the process of acceptance. These findings could give some hints to the government to make better NEV industry policy.
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