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SCOTT, JAMES M (7) answer(s).
 
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1
ID:   123263


Countering adversaries and cultivating friends: indirect rivalry factors and the allocation of US foreign aid / Rudloff, Peter; Scott, James M; Blew, Tyra   Journal Article
Scott, James M Journal Article
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Publication 2013.
Summary/Abstract This analysis examines the link between 'indirect rivalry factors' - situations in which states are neighbors of direct US rivals, and/or states that share rivalries in common with the US - and allocations of foreign aid to shed light on the impact of strategic calculations on a key area of foreign policy behavior. Blending literatures on rivalry/conflict and foreign aid, the study is situated in the relevant prior work and a theory is developed that links indirect rivalry factors with allocations of foreign aid. It is argued that indirect rivalry factors are likely to affect a state's foreign assistance as states in a rivalry strategically allocate aid to create friends and isolate their targeted rivals. In particular, it is argued that donors direct greater amounts of aid to (i) other states involved in a rivalry with the donor's rivals (rivalries in common, or 'rivals of my rival' effects) and (ii) states within the geographic region in which the donor's existing rivals are situated (neighborhood effects, or 'neighbors of rivals'). Hypotheses on the effects of these indirect rivalry factors on aid allocations are developed and then tested empirically against US foreign aid allocations from 1962 to 2000. The results lend support to the authors' theory of indirect rivalry factors and their impact on aid allocation.
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2
ID:   132373


Not-so-silent partner: patterns of legislative-executive interaction in the war on terror, 2001-2009 / Scott, James M; Carter, Ralph G   Journal Article
Carter, Ralph G Journal Article
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Publication 2014.
Summary/Abstract The conventional narrative surrounding the post-9/11 "War on Terror" tends to characterize the US Congress as a mostly inactive and compliant bystander, bowing to an aggressive assertion of unilateral presidential authority and power by the Bush administration. However, clarifying the conceptual framework used to examine legislative-executive interactions and congressional foreign policy behavior to account for varying patterns of interaction and varying avenues of influence yields an alternative explanation. While there is some truth to the conventional wisdom about a Congress rallying to support the president in time of war, applying the refined conceptual framework brings a more complex story into sharper focus. Viewed through this alternative lens, we see that members of Congress, and the institution as a whole, played a more discriminating and substantial-yet still predictable-role consistent with the context of the situation and the broad historical forces and patterns that combine to shape congressional foreign policy behavior and influence. Once the context and forces shaping congressional behavior and legislative-executive interactions are understood, congressional engagement (or lack thereof) in the War on Terror from 2001 to 2009 emerges as a relatively predictable sequence of initial compliance, (rallying) giving way first to competition and then to confrontation.
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3
ID:   143579


Promoting democracy in Latin America: foreign policy change and US democracy assistance, 1975–2010 / Scott, James M; Carter, Ralph G   Article
Carter, Ralph G Article
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Summary/Abstract Since the Cold War the USA has articulated and implemented explicit strategies of democracy promotion. One interesting target of such efforts is Latin America, in part because of the region’s geographic proximity to the USA and of the mixed record of US support for democracy there. This paper examines the impact of the end of the Cold War and the 9/11 episode on the nature, purposes, targets and consequences of US democracy assistance to Latin America. Examining democracy aid allocations, social and political factors and other variables, it traces changes in aid strategies, purposes and recipients generated by these paradigm shifts, and assesses the impact of such assistance on the politics of the region. It concludes with implications of these findings for US democracy promotion policies.
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4
ID:   052966


Setting a course : Congressional foriegn policy enterpreneurs i / Carter, Ralph G; Scott, James M; Rowling, Charles M Aug 2004  Journal Article
Carter, Ralph G Journal Article
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Publication Aug 2004.
Summary/Abstract "Congressional foreign policy enterpreneurs" are those legislators who initiate their own foreign policy agendas. These individuals seek to frame policy discussions and mobilize public and intrest group intrest; to direct congressional agendas toward specific foreign policy issues; to struture and influence the formulation of foreign policies by the executive branch; to revise, refocus, or reformulate foreign policies; to generate alternative and replacement foreign policies; and to fill policy vaccums with their foreign policies. This paper examines the evolution and impact of such entrepreneursacross the period of the Cold War consensus (1946-1967), the Cold War dissensus (1968-1989), and the Post-Cold War(1990-2000). The paper first provides an overview of the concept of foreign policy entrepreneurs. It then turns to case studies of entrepreneurial initiatives from three prolific entrepreneurs whose careers span the post-World War II era : Senators Jacob Javits, Edward Kennedy, and Christopher Dodd. Together, the overview and cases shed light on the different avenues and activities that entrepreneurs use to adress their preferred issues and the impact entrepreneurs have on policy, as well as highlight changes in both over time.
Key Words Congresses  Enterpreneurs  Foreign Policy 
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5
ID:   103303


Sponsoring democracy: United States and democracy aid to the developing world, 1988-2001 / Scott, James M; Steele, Carie A   Journal Article
Scott, James M Journal Article
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Publication 2011.
Summary/Abstract As democratization has advanced in the developing world, developed countries such as the United States have implemented explicit strategies of democracy promotion by providing assistance to governments, political parties, and other non-governmental groups and organizations through a variety of channels. This analysis examines the relationship between democracy support by the US Agency for International Development and democratization in the developing world between 1988 and 2001. In a model that examines the simultaneous processes linking democratization and democracy aid, we argue that carefully targeted democracy assistance has greater impact on democratization than more generic economic aid packages. We test the relationship in a simultaneous equation model, supplemented by several time-series cross-sectional regressions. Our data reveal a positive relationship between specific democracy aid packages and progress toward democracy. We conclude by weighing the implications of these findings for democratization and democracy promotion policies.
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6
ID:   069115


Treaty-Making and partisan politics: arms control and the US senate, 1960-2001 / Delaet, C James; Scott, James M   Journal Article
Scott, James M Journal Article
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Publication 2006.
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7
ID:   104910


US foreign policy today: American renewal / Hook, Steven W (ed); Scott, James M (ed) 2012  Book
Scott, James M Book
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Publication Washington, DC, CQ Press, 2012.
Description xv, 296p.
Standard Number 9781608714032
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Copies: C:1/I:0,R:0,Q:0
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Accession#Call#Current LocationStatusPolicyLocation
056121327.73/HOO 056121MainOn ShelfGeneral