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LITWAK, ROBERT S (7) answer(s).
 
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1
ID:   028959


Detente and the Nixon doctrine: American foreign policy and the pursuit of stability, 1969-1976 / Litwak, Robert S 1984  Book
Litwak, Robert S Book
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Publication Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1984.
Description v, 232p.
Series International studies
Standard Number 0521250943
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Copies: C:1/I:0,R:0,Q:0
Circulation
Accession#Call#Current LocationStatusPolicyLocation
023193327.73/LIT 023193MainOn ShelfGeneral 
2
ID:   081725


Living with ambiguity: nuclear deals with Iran and North Korea / Litwak, Robert S   Journal Article
Litwak, Robert S Journal Article
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Publication 2008.
Summary/Abstract Between the poles of nuclear-weapons acquisition and transparent disarmament lies a third option: cultivating ambiguity about capabilities. The current crises with Iran and North Korea are playing out against the backdrop of the contrasting nonproliferation precedents set in 2003 - in Iraq, through a change of regime, and, in Libya, through change within a regime. Washington has sent mixed messages to Tehran and Pyongyang whether the US objective is regime change or behaviour change. Coercive diplomacy, combining credible inducements and penalties to roll back their nuclear programmes, is not possible when the goal is the maximalist one of regime change. But even if the United States clarifies its objective, negotiations with North Korea and Iran can realistically aim only to narrow, but not to eliminate, the ambiguity. A strategy of containment, whose key elements are deterrence and reassurance, offers the best approach for narrowing and hedging against these states' nuclear ambiguity
Key Words Nuclear Weapons  Iran  North Korea  Nuclear Deal 
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3
ID:   023136


New Calculus of pre-emption / Litwak, Robert S 2002  Article
Litwak, Robert S Article
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Publication Winter 2002-03.
Description 53-79
Summary/Abstract Under the Bush administration's 2002 National Security Strategy document, military pre-emption against ‘rogue states’ and terrorist groups has been elevated to official doctrine. But the conditions under which pre-emption would be undertaken remain unclear. Military action against terrorist groups, such as al-Qaeda, enjoys broad international legitimacy, but that consensus breaks down over the use of force against a state violating non-proliferation norms. A comparative analysis of historical cases reveals force to be as problematic as its non-military alternatives. Inadequate intelligence, concern over collateral damage to civilian populations and the fear of triggering a broader conflict have been major constraints on the use of force to prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. In the post-11 September era, pre-emption should be a rarely invoked policy option, and successful prevention strategies, employing non-military instruments, might forestall the need to resort to it.
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4
ID:   056914


Non-Proliferation and the dilemmas of regime change / Litwak, Robert S 2003  Journal Article
Litwak, Robert S Journal Article
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Publication 2003.
Description p7-31
Key Words Arms Control  WMD  Nuclear non-proliferation  Iraq War 
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5
ID:   154091


Recalibrating deterrence to prevent nuclear terrorism / Litwak, Robert S   Journal Article
Litwak, Robert S Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract In a 2010 interview with The Washington Post's Bob Woodward, then-President Barack Obama judged the United States generally resilient to terrorist attack, but qualified that “a potential game changer would be a nuclear weapon in the hands of terrorists, blowing up a major city.”11. Bob Woodward, Obama's Wars (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010), p. 363. View all notes This game-changing scenario, which had been a concern since the chaotic breakup of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s, had arisen just four months after his inauguration: a CIA intercept between two Taliban leaders in northwestern Pakistan revealed that the terrorist group claimed to have acquired “nuclear devices.”
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6
ID:   001833


Rogue states and US foreign policy: containment after the cold war / Litwak, Robert S 1994  Book
Litwak, Robert S Book
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Publication Washington DC, Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1994.
Description xx,290p.
Standard Number 0943875978
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Copies: C:1/I:0,R:0,Q:0
Circulation
Accession#Call#Current LocationStatusPolicyLocation
042981327.73/LIT 042981MainOn ShelfGeneral 
7
ID:   059238


Superpower competition and security in the third World / Litwak, Robert S (ed); Wells, Samuel F (ed) 1988  Book
Litwak, Robert S Book
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Publication Cambridge, Ballinger Publishing, 1988.
Description ix, 295p.
Standard Number 088730253X
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Copies: C:1/I:0,R:0,Q:0
Circulation
Accession#Call#Current LocationStatusPolicyLocation
029028327.1/LIT 029028MainOn ShelfGeneral