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| 1 |
ID:
060283
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| 2 |
ID:
061350
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| 3 |
ID:
127588
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
When, many years from now, historians undertake to determine the watershed moments in the evolution of the international human rights movement, they likely will single out for attention the June 2011 United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) resolution affirming that "gay rights are human rights." A simple fact underscores the resolution's momentousness: It has become common to think of gay rights and human rights as closely intertwined, yet the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights-which asserted that human rights are inalienable rights that a person is entitled to simply because he or she is a human-made no mention of sexual identity, even as it addressed a wide range of rights, such as the right to work, housing, education, association, religion, and even leisure. So how did this commingling of human rights and gay rights come about, and what does it say about the future of both movements?
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| 4 |
ID:
126695
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
IN JULY 2010, ARGENTINA BECAME THE FIRST NATION in Latin America, and only the second one in the developing world after South Africa, to pass a law legalizing same-sex marriage; shortly thereafter, the country enacted what is arguably the most progressive transgender law of any country in the world. It allows for a change of gender without undergoing surgery or receiving authorization from a doctor or a judge. Both laws have put Argentina in a select group of nations regarded as being on the cutting edge of gay rights and atop international rankings of countries most open to issues of concern to the lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgender (LGBT) community, such as the recently developed "Gay Friendliness Index."1 Neither societal factors nor political conditions could have predicted this cascade of gay rights advances.
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| 5 |
ID:
101668
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| 6 |
ID:
111748
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| Publication |
2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
A key contention of the transitional justice movement is that the more comprehensive and vigorous the effort to bring justice to a departed authoritarian regime for its political crimes, the better the democratization results. This essay challenges this common assumption with empirical evidence from the Iberian Peninsula, where the global wave of democratization of the late twentieth century was born. In Portugal, political trials and bureaucratic purges intended to cleanse the state and society of the authoritarian past nearly derailed the transition to democracy by descending into a veritable political witch-hunt. In Spain, by contrast, forgetting and moving on prevailed, an approach that facilitated the country's emergence as the paradigmatic example of a successful democratic transition. Among the many lessons suggested by these counter-intuitive examples is that there is no pre-ordained outcome to any attempt at transitional justice. This is so because the principal factors driving the impulse toward justice against an old regime tend to be political in nature rather than ethical or legal. In Portugal, the rise of transitional justice mirrored the radicalism of the left-wing revolution that launched the transition to democracy. In Spain, the absence of transitional justice reflected the pragmatism imposed by the self-reinvention of the authoritarian regime and the political trauma inflected by the Spanish Civil War.
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| 7 |
ID:
152216
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| 8 |
ID:
073619
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| Publication |
2006.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Spain's democratic success poses no miracle prescriptions for Russia and other struggling democracies. But it suggests a point often overlooked in discussions about democratization. Democracy is the product of the skills and talents of real-life political actors rather than the result of some macro-historical process linked to the development of the economy, or the constitutional configuration of civil society and political organizations.
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| 9 |
ID:
142283
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| Summary/Abstract |
It is premature to gauge the full impact of the developed West’s effort to sell gay rights to the developing world, but the early returns are not auspicious
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