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ID:
061574
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May-Jun 2005.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The presence of radical Islamic networks in Spain can be traced back a decade prior to the attacks on Madrid in March 2004. This article intends to offer a panoramic view of the different groups that compose the Jihadist map in Spain. The activities, general profile of the members, and major structural characteristics of these networks are described. Ultimately, factors that could influence the future evolution of this phenomenon are outlined.
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| 2 |
ID:
060488
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| Publication |
Jan 2005.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Terrorism systematically violates human rights and disrupts basic political processes common to liberal democracies. Combating terrorism is thus necessary in order to protect these fundamental rights and maintain the well functioning of tolerant polities. However, state initiatives put in place to cope with terrorism may also damage human rights, even when these measures are formulated by elected accountable authorities and implemented in the context of open societies. Spain has precisely been among those European countries most affected by the wave of terrorism initiated more than three decades ago across western industrial societies, and thus where violations of fundamental rights as well as obstacles to the exercise of civil liberties as a consequence of such violence became particularly severe. Also, a case where effective rule of law was temporarily damaged in the fight against the ethnonationalist terrorism perpetrated by ETA (an acronym for Euskadi ta Askatasuna, meaning Basque Homeland and Freedom) but successfully restored by efforts from both state institutions, as a result of an effective division of power, and civil society. It is therefore an experience providing substantive knowledge and valuable insights on how to counter terrorism in accordance with the principles and procedures of democracy. Accordingly, this paper aims at a better understanding on the interrelated issues of terrorism, human rights and law enforcement in a context of political change.
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