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| 1 |
ID:
023640
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| Publication |
2003.
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| Description |
p117-130
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| Summary/Abstract |
Current debates on military force focus on the interrelated questions of pre-emption and unilateralism. While the US rightly reserves the prerogative to make its own ultimate decisions on the use of force, it will be frequently necessary, invariably helpful and almost always possible, to secure broad international support. That support need not always be in the form of a UN Security Council resolution. As for pre-emption, the realities of WMD are such that the meaningful right to self-defence does not require absorbing a first blow. Indeed, even at early stages of WMD development, the problem with pre-emption is not legality, but operational difficulty.
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| 2 |
ID:
080006
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| Publication |
2007.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Since the mid-1980s, a number of authors have asserted that there is a special kind of relationship between democratic states; or that liberalism promotes peaceful relations between liberal states; or that there exists a hierarchy of states in international society with liberal states at the apex of that hierarchy. Many of these theories touch on issues of liberalism, liberal states, and the use of military force. Yet they still do not directly address the key question of: when, and for what ends, liberals believe that military force may be used. An implicit intimation is often made that there is a monolithic liberal approach to the use of force. In contrast, this article identifies a variety of contemporary liberal views on this topic and argues that these depend upon the priority given to values such as those of tolerance and consent versus progress and civility, or those of cosmopolitanism versus communitarianism. On this basis, the article examines the liberal options for the use of force that can be justified in different ways by these different values, from self-defense to the creation of liberal entities, depending upon which liberal values predominate
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| 3 |
ID:
065412
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