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| 1 |
ID:
117660
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| 2 |
ID:
092928
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The last six-party talks ended in December 2008. The inactive period coincided with a serious recession in the United States that led to annual budget deficits for fiscal years 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 that easily exceeded $1 trillion. The United States will not be in a position to offer meaningful economic concessions to North Korea. Further, the removal of North Korea by the United States from the list of state sponsors of terrorism in 2008 is symbolic because there are numerous other sanctions still in effect against North Korea. The road map toward successful negotiations will have to be composed of comprehensive plans in which both North Korea and the United States can see what the ultimate outcome of their concessions is likely to be.
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| 3 |
ID:
092719
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| 4 |
ID:
071077
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| 5 |
ID:
074792
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| Publication |
2006.
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| Summary/Abstract |
North Korea is either in violation of, or the target of, more than 13 U.S. laws. Three of these laws have a direct bearing on U.S. economic sanctions against North Korea, which began on June 28, 1950, when the United States invoked a total embargo on exports to North Korea on the basis of the U.S. Export Control Act of 1949. The most favored nation tariffs were banned on North Korea's exports to the United States based on the Trade Agreement Extension Act of 1951, while the Export Administration Act of 1979 allowed North Korea to be branded as a terrorist state when its agents blew up KAL 858 on November 29, 1987. The complexity of existing U.S. economic sanctions against North Korea appears to make it difficult for the United States to unilaterally lift economic sanctions against North Korea without any security concessions from North Korea.
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| 6 |
ID:
084403
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| Publication |
2008.
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| Summary/Abstract |
There are three key economic sanctions placed against North Korea that are still in effect: denial of MFN status, placement on a list of countries supporting international terrorism, and financial tightening following the Proliferation Security Initiative. North Korea's annual trade deficit is approximately one billion dollars. The latest series of economic sanctions made it very difficult for North Korea to continue to finance a trade deficit through illicit means. North Korea responded positively to the nuclear talks in 2007 partly because of the series of financial sanctions levied against it since 2003, and partly because of the changed approach of the North Korean leaders toward a greater calculation of benefits and costs since the collapse of the Soviet Union. This means that increasing benefits to North Korea in relation to costs should make the peace proposal more appealing to the North Korean leaders, and this is exactly what the U. S. negotiators seem to have been doing in the latest nuclear talks.
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