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SKOGGARD, IAN (3) answer(s).
 
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1
ID:   068441


Encyclopedia of diasporas: immigrant and refugee cultures around the world / Ember, Melvin (ed.); Ember, Carol R (ed.); Skoggard, Ian (ed.) 2006  Book
Ember, Melvin Book
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Publication New York, Springer, 2006.
Description 2v. (xxxi, 1242p.)
Contents Vol. 1: Overviews and topics Vol. 2: Communities
Standard Number 0306483211
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Copies: C:2/I:0,R:2,Q:0
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Accession#Call#Current LocationStatusPolicyLocation
051045304.8/EMB 051045MainOn ShelfReference books 
051046304.8/EMB 051046MainOn ShelfReference books 
2
ID:   113525


Livestock raiding and rainfall variability in northwestern Keny / Ember, Carol R; Adem, Teferi Abate; Skoggard, Ian; Jones, Eric C   Journal Article
Ember, Carol R Journal Article
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Publication 2012.
Summary/Abstract In 2009, Witsenburg and Adano summarized their research on rainfall variability and livestock raiding in Marsabit District, Kenya. They found that livestock-related violence was higher in wetter months and wetter years, contrary to the common assumption that scarcity of water and pasture is the primary driver of livestock violence. Our research, focusing on the neighboring Turkana District of northwestern Kenya, attempted to replicate the Witsenburg and Adano findings for the years 1998-2009. We find significant relationships between rainfall variability and intensity of livestock violence, but in the opposite direction - drier months and drought years in Turkana District have higher intensities of violence.
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3
ID:   136092


Rain and raids revisited: disaggregating ethnic group livestock raiding in the Ethiopian-Kenyan border region / Ember, Carol R; Skoggard, Ian ; Adem, Teferi Abate; Faas, A.J   Article
Ember, Carol R Article
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Summary/Abstract Focusing on livestock raiding, a major form of violence in arid and semiarid regions, we evaluate the relationship between rainfall and intensity of violence, disaggregating ethnic groups that have somewhat different subsistence patterns. We do so to try to resolve previously published results and conclusions that appear contradictory – some research finding livestock violence higher in wet times suggestive of more violence in times of plenty; others finding violence higher in dry times suggestive of greater scarcity. Using rainfall from NASA and violence data from ACLED for the years 1998–2009, we looked at the patterns of livestock-related violence for six different ethnic groups that have a home in the area in and around Marsabit district of Kenya. Different ethnic groups appear to have somewhat different patterns and we suggest how some of their cultural differences may explain these patterns. However, for most groups, intense violence is more common in drier times.
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