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ID: 160072

Cow protection and minority rights in India: reassessing religious freedom / Adcock, Cassie

Adcock, Cassie	Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract

Recent efforts to prevent cow-slaughter in India have prompted U.S. concern about violations of religious freedom. But although the politics of cow protection poses a significant threat to disadvantaged groups in India, efforts to ameliorate that threat through an international policy of religious freedom also carry serious risks. This paper reviews reports issued by the U.S. Department of State's Office of International Religious Freedom and by the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom. It argues that by unnecessarily portraying the politics of cow protection in terms of a stark conflict between Hindus and Muslims, they threaten to undermine the goal of reducing anti-minority discrimination and violence in India.

Key Words

Minorities ; Caste ; India ; Muslims ; Discrimination ; Religious Freedom ;
COW ; Hindus ; Cow Protection

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ID: 073553

Declining risk of death in battle / Lacina, Bethany; Gleditsch, Nils Petter; Russett, Bruce

Russett, Bruce	Journal Article
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2006.

Summary/Abstract

A recent article using the new Correlates of War (COW) data on the distribution of interstate, intrastate, and extrastate wars from 1816 to 1997 claims there was a relatively constant risk of death in battle during that time. We show that the authors' information is skewed by irregularities in the COW deaths data, and contest their pessimistic interpretation. Using revised information on battle deaths from 1900 to 2002 we demonstrate that the risk of death in battle by no means followed a flat line, but rather declined significantly after World War II and again after the end of the Cold War. Future users should note that the deaths data collected for the three conflict types by COW are not comparable, and using them as such tends to underestimate the share of fatalities due to major interstate conflicts.

Key Words

Correlates of War ; COW ; Deaths Data

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