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| 1 |
ID:
073590
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| 2 |
ID:
091140
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Though the concept of peacekeeping was evolved immediately after the United Nations (UN) was founded, peacekeeping as a means to resolve conflicts began only with the deployment of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation (UNTSO) into the Middle East in 1948 to monitor the Arab-Israeli ceasefire. Since then, the UN has established a total of 63 peace missions, of which 50 were in the post-Cold War era.
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| 3 |
ID:
190988
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| Summary/Abstract |
The nature of the relationship between statecraft and third-party interventions is complex and remains an issue that has not been fully explored in the academic literature. Experience shows that the two often interact, at times creating harmonious coordination, at times exacerbating tensions. These actions and reactions were present for Israel after the War of Independence as it worked to form an effective approach to the UN and its peacekeeping forces that were created to supervise implementation of the 1949 Arab-Israeli armistice agreements. This article examines how Israel strove to develop its own foreign policy statecraft strategies and to protect its national and strategic interests in the early 1960s, while contending with the involvement of UNTSO under the activist leadership of Swedish Maj. Gen. Carl Von Horn.
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| 4 |
ID:
149126
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| Summary/Abstract |
They have a combined annual cost of $700 million, have been around for decades, are staffed by 14,000 soldiers and civilians and today do not seem to be accomplishing much of anything. What are they? The four peacekeeping operations (PKOs) in and around Israel. Put another way, why do all four of these operations continue to exist if there is currently so little peace to keep? There are a number of reasons for this paradox of peacekeeping, and an explanation requires taking a look at each of the four PKOs: the UN Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO), the UN Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF), the UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) and the Multilateral Force and Observers (MFO), which is not a UN operation.
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