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ID: 082695

versus We: Collective and Individual factors of reserve service motivation during war and peace / Ben-Dor, Gabriel; Pedahzur, Ami; Canetti-Nisim, Daphna; Zaidise, Eran

Pedahzur, Ami	Journal Article
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2008.

Summary/Abstract

This study examines conditions of peace and war to find whether the "rally `round the flag" effect is indeed attributed to rising levels of social collectivism. Reserve service motivation in peacetime and wartime was compared among 1,004 Israeli reservists. Levels of motivation and the factors that affect them were examined during the optimism of the Israeli-Palestinian peace process (February 2000) and about a year and a half into the second Intifada (October 2000). Findings suggest that motivation to serve in wartime is indeed higher than in peacetime. However, they also suggest that similar factors predict motivation in both times, although their relative impact is altered by the situation. Reservists were more likely to be motivated by individual rather than collective incentives (in both peacetime and wartime situations), thus suggesting that "rally `round the flag" occurrences are not necessarily reflective of the social cohesion and collective reasoning.

Key Words

Israel ; Military ; Collectivism ; Individualism ; Social Cohesion ; Wartime ;
Service Motivation ; Peacetime

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ID: 074604

Victimization from terrorist attacks: randomness or routine activities? / Canetti-Nisim, Daphna; Mesch, Gustavo; Pedahzur, Ami

Pedahzur, Ami	Journal Article
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Publication

2006.

Summary/Abstract

This study tackles the as yet unaddressed question of the various types of factors related to victims of terrorism. We have explored core assumptions of terrorism and victimization theories by empirically testing both the randomness and the lifestyle-exposure theories. Specifically, we looked at how characteristics of victims of suicide bombings differ from the characteristics of those who have been casualties of other types of terrorism. Findings obtained via logistic regressions clearly refute the randomness hypothesis that the risk of victimization from terrorism is similar across all segments of society. Furthermore, findings indicate that victimization from suicide vis-à-vis other types of terrorism is related to the basics of lifestyle-exposure theories.

Key Words

Terrorism ; Victimization ; Randomness ; Routine Activities

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