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| 1 |
ID:
117633
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2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The allegedly complex relationship between trust and victimization has rarely been modeled and, when done, the effect of trust on victimization has been found not statistically significant. This study finds otherwise, estimating an instrumental model with community data from Cali, Colombia. Cali's dismal levels of victimization were only second to Medellin, the most violent city of the world in the 1990s. But Cali also pioneered a strategy of social capital formation as the backbone of a deliberate public policy to crack down on high levels of crime. This article first develops a model of victimization that includes interpersonal trust as determinant and then instruments interpersonal trust with district-level average trust. We argue that an individual-specific level of trust in his or her community members does not affect the community level of interpersonal trust in the margin. However, the levels - or perceived levels - of interpersonal trust in the community may affect the specific level of trust of an individual in other members of that community, along with personal characteristics and experience. Using GMM estimates, this study finds evidence of a relationship between interpersonal trust and victimization, statistically significant and negative in sign. The result is robust across specifications of trust, victimization, and estimating techniques. We conclude that increasing trust in trusting communities contributes to reducing victimization in its own right, although the effect is modest. Consequently, strengthening interpersonal trust is another bullet to combat victimization but it is not a silver bullet.
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| 2 |
ID:
074969
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2006.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper analyses the number of terrorist attacks and their outcomes in the period 1997-2004. We investigate the hypotheses that deprivation is the underlying cause of terrorism and that geopolitical contexts cannot be ignored. The results from econometric OLS cross?country testing of these hypotheses with data for two large regions of Eurasia seem to confirm our hypotheses, given that the determinants of terrorism differ in the two geopolitical areas and the number of terrorist incidents is negatively associated with the level of development, the literacy level and ethnic fractionalization, being positively related to mineral reserves, non?democratic political regimes and participation in international organizations.
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