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ID: 075744

Concept of friendship: from princes to states / Roshchin, Evgeny

Roshchin, Evgeny	Journal Article
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2006.

Summary/Abstract

The present article seeks to draw attention to and explicate the concept of friendship in a discipline which has long ignored it: International Relations. It examines the ways in which major political thinkers and international treaties addressed the concept in the process of the emergence of the Westphalia state system. The article traces correlative changes between the shift from vertical to horizontal friendship and the emergence of internal and external princely sovereignty which signified the new era in international politics. It argues that the recognition of formally equal statuses of political friends prepared the grounds for the regime of external sovereignty. It also suggests that friendship was a key concept describing political order, included or not in the friend/enemy antithesis, in early Modernity. The subsequent ambiguity of the modern concept of friendship in international politics springs from its constant reinterpretation in the context of royalist and republican ideological polemics.

Key Words

Sovereignty ; History of Concepts ; Political Friendship ; Political Order ; Vertical and Horizontal Friendships

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ID: 101835

Fraternity and a global difference principle: a feminist critique of Rawls and Pogge / Schwarzenbach, Sibyl A

Schwarzenbach, Sibyl A	Journal Article
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Publication

2011.

Summary/Abstract

Despite recent cracks in the dominant Hobbesian world picture of international relations (IR) - as the resurgence of neo-Kantianism in the area of 'global justice' bears witness - a discussion of friendship still remains absent. This article focusses on the important debate concerning the possibility of a global 'difference principle': that principle which John Rawls in A Theory of Justice considers an 'expression of fraternity' between citizens. Although in his later work Rawls explicitly denies that his difference principle applies worldwide and between 'people', others (most famously Charles Beitz and Thomas Pogge) defend a global version of it nonetheless. Yet, there is no talk of fraternity by these latter thinkers. I argue that both these positions are mistaken. Not only is an analysis of friendship necessary for any adequate account of justice - whether domestic or global - but the form this political friendship takes emerges as critical to the substantive debate.

Key Words

Feminism ; Global Justice ; Political Friendship ; International Difference Principle ; Principle of Fraternity ; Reproductive Praxis

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