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| 1 |
ID:
122194
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund is a successful international scheme providing supplementary compensation for vessel source oil pollution damage. Some domestic schemes such as the Ship-Source Oil Pollution Fund in Canada and the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund in the United States have also been successful. China established its Vessel-Source Oil Pollution Compensation Fund in July 2012. This article examines the international and domestic schemes that provide supplementary compensation for vessel source oil pollution and makes some suggestions for amendment of the newly established Chinese national compensation fund.
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| 2 |
ID:
167520
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| Summary/Abstract |
The International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea (the HNS Convention) has not entered into force. In China, a two-tier compensation regime has been established for vessel-source oil pollution damage, but this regime does not address damage in connection with the carriage of HNS by sea. This article examines the Chinese law approach to civil liability and compensation for damage in this respect, and discusses whether there is an adequate framework in place to address issues that may arise.
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| 3 |
ID:
118012
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
China has made great efforts to establish a compensation system for oil pollution damage from ships. Several laws and regulations have come into effect since 2010 that have brought significant changes to the legal regime of compensation for oil pollution damage. In this article, the new legal regime for compensation for oil pollution damage from ships is examined to illustrate how China is moving closer to the international standard in this area.
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| 4 |
ID:
076898
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| 5 |
ID:
103882
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| Publication |
2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
China's small farmers face increasing challenges because of land and water resource constraints and the effects of climate change. With the strengthened agricultural stimulus policies, poverty reduction and social protection programs, as well as the expanding international food trade, up to now China has achieved food security through small farm agriculture. During intensive economic restructuring, smallholders still coexist with large-sized farms and industrialized agricultural businesses, but are in a vulnerable position in market transactions. Oriented to 2050, China's agricultural development and food security policies should work to improve domestic market structure, to further release international trade control and to empower smallholders.
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| 6 |
ID:
083948
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2008.
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Based on sample survey data for the years 2006 and 2007, we find that inflation of food and energy prices in China is moving at a slower pace than in the international market; however, the livelihood of low income groups has been significantly impacted. Urban sample households in low income groups have been shifting from consumption of high value food to lower value substitutes; and all of the rural sample households are reducing their total consumption expenditure in real terms. The Engel's coefficient of the rural household enlarged while their proportion of spending on clothing and energy declined. Farmers' households are moving toward more imbalanced diets, and the nutritional status of the poor is apparently deteriorating. The emergency-response measures that the government should implement include stopping subsidies to biofuel producers, who use foodstuffs as inputs, and providing food aid to the poor. The mid-term strategies should include anti-monopoly tactics, improving the market environment for the right competition, and eliminating price distortion. Midterm and long-term socioeconomic policy reform must be undertaken to adjust the social structure, to correct the mechanism of factor price formation, and to transform the pattern of economic growth.
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| 7 |
ID:
106155
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| 8 |
ID:
140740
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| Summary/Abstract |
Air pollution has long been of great concern in both Hong Kong and the wider Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, where shipping pollution is a major contributor to poor air quality. This article addresses, first, the current global regulatory framework covering the main sources of vessel source pollution; second, the implementation and enforcement of the rules in Annex VI of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL); and third, the legal and policy measures for combating vessel source emissions in Hong Kong. In conclusion, the article offers suggestions on the way forward for Hong Kong to combat such vessel source emissions in the PRD region.
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