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| 1 |
ID:
076930
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2007.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article addresses the increasing militarisation of the Italian borders and the establishment of detention centres reminiscent of concentration camps as a state response to potential immigrants, asylum seekers and others. We suggest that this militarisation should be understood as part of the remaking of the Italian state in relation to recent Italian political and economic history and the current hegemonic social and political ethos in Europe more generally. Since early 1990s, European, and specifically Italian ideology has embraced a neoliberal ethos of individualism and cultural particularity that encourages the politicisation of exclusionary regional and national geographies and the intensified policing of the borders. In the current political and economic context, non-Europeans from poor countries seeking entry into Italy are categorised as outsiders and therefore non-human. The ethos made popular by Italian political parties since the l990s degrades moral claims, extracts citizens from their embeddedness in social relations, and wipes out any possible space for the purely human being.
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| 2 |
ID:
076934
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2007.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article argues that the territorial trap and the social amplification of risks associated with a porous border have led to an increased vulnerability for unauthorised migrants along the US-Mexico boundary. A contradiction of globalisation is discussed examining how goods and capital are given more guarantees and social protections than certain people. The concept of escrow is introduced as a mitigation measure to reduce human vulnerability. Examples of other comparable and contentious programs are discussed to support the need for such measures. The discussions and methods outlined in this article, attempt to bring about an increased awareness of the territorial trap and the role it plays in producing the hazardous conditions along the US-Mexico boundary.
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| 3 |
ID:
076933
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| Publication |
2007.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The matrÃculas consulares are identity cards issued by the Mexican government to its nationals living abroad. Since 9/11, businesses, local, and state governments in the US have started accepting them as a valid form of identification for undocumented immigrants living in their communities, who otherwise do not have any form of acceptable identification. In this article, I first outline the history and context of federal jurisdiction over immigration and naturalisation policy in the United States, and then expand upon the case study of the consular ID cards. I argue that the increasing acceptance of the matrÃculas consulares provides an example of how, in confronting the local impacts of undocumented migration, communities are formulating both "foreign policy" (as immigration policy is considered as foreign policy in the United States), as well as "citizenship policy," at the local scale. I conclude by taking the analysis one step further and arguing that this partial rescaling of membership policy enables the nation-state to better manage what political theorist, James Hollifield, calls the "liberal paradox," or the growing tension between neoliberal economic openness and the continued necessity of national political closure
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| 4 |
ID:
076929
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| Publication |
2007.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Well over 4,000 unauthorised migrants have lost their lives in the U.S.-Mexico border region since 1995. These deaths have occurred at the intersection of a dramatically strengthened U.S. boundary policing enforcement apparatus and persistent and arguably growing out-migratory pressures in Mexico and beyond. A number of the deceased have come from coffee-growing and -harvesting households and regions in Mexico and Central America, areas devastated by unstable commodity prices that reached their lowest point in a century in 2000-2001. This article explores the discursive and empirical interrelationship between a neoliberalised international coffee market, an increasingly policed U.S.-Mexico boundary, and migrant deaths. In doing so, it finds evidence to suggest that there is a causal link between the international crisis in prices received by coffee bean producers, out-migration by individuals in households and communities dependent on the coffee sector for their livelihoods, and migrant fatalities. It thus illustrates that the age of neoliberalism is one in which processes of nationalisation, liberalisation, and regulation exist simultaneously in space and time, the intersection of which in a world of deep inequality sometimes produces untimely death for those on the global socio-economic margins. Finally, the article highlights the limitations of extant research on this matter and lays out an agenda for future investigation
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| 5 |
ID:
076932
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| Publication |
2007.
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| Summary/Abstract |
While discussion of borders in the post-9/11 world invokes images of national security lapses and in early 2006 the economic and social challenges of undocumented workers was again making headlines in the United States, residents of rural border regions face a more immediate set of troubles. Their issues are byproducts of past national debates and the resulting increase in law enforcement efforts in urban locations which have converged crossing pressure onto more remote, difficult-to-cross, less publicly-visible, and less politically powerful rural areas. In particular, this article looks at the impact this squeeze has had on the Tohono O'odham reservation along the US-Mexico border in south central Arizona
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| 6 |
ID:
076931
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| Publication |
2007.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article analyses the Indonesian state's efforts to manage returning overseas migrant labourers. It examines state practices in the airport terminal for returning transnational migrant labourers ("Terminal 3") in Jakarta. "Terminal 3" segregates returning overseas migrant contract workers, separating them out from the other travelers who pass through the "regular" terminal to enter into Indonesia. The article explores the spatial politics of the terminal through interviews with government officials and observations made at the airport terminal. Located in the context of long-term research on Indonesian migration, the case study illustrates specific ways in which the Indonesian state, through its selective and irregular application of regulatory procedures at the point of immigration, reproduces social inequalities through the repatriation process. In addition, it demonstrates the place-based nature of efforts to govern the transnational labouring class
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