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ID:
077402
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2007.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The construction of cross-border pipelines requires large upfront investment and, because of transit through third countries, is subject to increased risk. We demonstrate that the decision to build cross-border pipelines in landlocked regions is influenced more by economics than by politics. Governments use transportation constraints to discriminate among foreign oil companies and to promote low-efficiency routes for political purposes. This paper describes strategies used by importers and oil majors to address this limitation, using the Caspian basin as a reference. Based on data obtained from oil professionals operating in the region, and professional journals, we highlight that, on average, transportation costs in the Caspian basin are up to six times higher than in the other oil-producing regions of the world.
This paper does not reflect opinions and views of EBRD. The authors would wish to thank Yelena Kalyuzhnova, Richard Pomfret, Martin Raiser and Dana Ward. This article was written prior to Mr. Esen having joined the EBRD and contains no data or information which Mr. Esen may have been privy to during the course of his employment with the EBRD.
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| 2 |
ID:
077410
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2007.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Trade volume between Central Asia and China has tripled since 2002. This study, which is based on Chinese sources, explains the reasons for this expansion in trade. Even if numerous obstacles remain, Government development policy in China's western regions has induced trade growth between Xinjiang and Central Asia. Trade flows mainly consist of three blocks: economic activities of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, commerce conducted by traders of the coastal province of Zhejiang, based in Xinjiang, and petty trade notably between Kazakhstan and Xinjiang
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