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ID:
094415
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2010.
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| Summary/Abstract |
When do leaders resort to deception to sell wars to their publics? Dan Reiter and Allan Stam have advanced a "selection effects" explanation for why democracies win the wars they initiate: leaders, because they must secure public consent first, "select" into those wars they expect to win handily. In some cases, however, the "selection effect" breaks down. In these cases, leaders, for realist reasons, are drawn toward wars where an easy victory is anything but assured. Leaders resort to deception in such cases to preempt what is sure to be a contentious debate over whether the use of force is justified by shifting blame for hostilities onto the adversary. The events surrounding the United States' entry into World War II is useful in assessing the plausibility of this argument. President Franklin Roosevelt welcomed U.S. entry into the war by the fall of 1941 and attempted to manufacture events accordingly. An important implication from this finding is that deception may sometimes be in the national interest.
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| 2 |
ID:
110316
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2012.
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OF ALL the U.S. presidents since Franklin Roosevelt, none stands taller in history or exercises a greater lingering influence on American politics than Ronald Reagan. Republican politicians invoke his name as example and lodestar, and Democrats have granted him increasing respect as the passions of his presidential years have ebbed with time. Surveys of academics on presidential performance, initially dismissive, now rank him among the best of the White House breed. Even President Obama has extolled his approach to presidential leadership.
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| 3 |
ID:
182919
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JUNE 30, 2021, marks 80 years to the day since Harry Hopkins, US President Franklin Roosevelt's personal representative, made his first visit to the Soviet Union. This is an excellent opportunity to recall some of the most significant moments in the political biography of this amazing person. Hopkins is one of those rare individuals to whom fate has given an opportunity to make history with his own hands. A larger-than-life personality - bright, talented, driven, strong-willed, and resolute - he was always in the public eye, although he remained modestly in the shadow of his great patron...
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| 4 |
ID:
127319
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| 5 |
ID:
077784
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2007.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The aim of this article is to consider the approach to, and solution adopted by, Lord Lothian, British Ambassador to Washington, to what President Roosevelt referred to at the end of January 1940 as a "minor crisis" in Anglo-American relations. His prescription reflected a long held Atlanticist belief that saw cooperation between the USA and Great Britain as a guarantor of security, a carefully managed profile, and an understanding of American public opinion. The ambassador's remedy to the 'minor crisis' over US perceptions of British abuse of neutral rights meant utilizing personable relationships with key figures in Washington and explaining British policy in straightforward terms. Crucially also for the resolution of the minor crisis, Lothian was able to articulate that importance of American opinion to those making British foreign policy in London. That his views were heeded in London is testament to his efforts and the pertinence of his prescription, which saw him become the pre-eminent conduit in Anglo-American relations during the first half of 1940
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| 6 |
ID:
114468
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2012.
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ON AUGUST 26, 1936, the American press was abuzz with the news that William Bullitt, the first U.S. ambassador to Moscow, had returned to Washington before the end of his tenure. The New York World wrote that the critical situation in Europe required an experienced diplomat to serve as ambassador to the Soviet Union. The Baltimore Sun took up the refrain, stating that the appointment of a new ambassador was a serious problem, keeping in mind the role of Russia in European affairs and in light of America's traditional interests in the Pacific Ocean.
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| 7 |
ID:
111624
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| 8 |
ID:
085135
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| Publication |
2008.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article explores links in the grand strategic outlook of Theodore Roosevelt and Franklin Roosevelt, with particular reference to the influence upon both men of Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan. It focuses upon an episode during Franklin Roosevelt's tenure as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, when he was in direct correspondence with both Theodore and Mahan on matters of grand strategy and naval policy. The paper argues that Theodore Roosevelt proved a crucial conduit in the formulation of Franklin Roosevelt's grand strategic outlook, both through his promulgation of Mahanian thought and his support of Franklin's correspondence with the Admiral. This in turn would be important later during Franklin Roosevelt's leadership of the United States.
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| 9 |
ID:
171823
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President Franklin Roosevelt’s Good Neighbor Policy emerged as a non-aggressive form of cultural diplomacy and emphasized mutual understanding among the nations in the Western Hemisphere through a substantial diffusion of books, music and movies. Though Roosevelt’s foreign policy has been widely discussed in general terms, there is still a lack of studies on the cultural-geographic dimension of this initiative, especially on the production of geographic images and stereotypes. The aim of this paper is to present an analysis of a popular picture book series (Pictured Geography) from the 1940s that introduces, depicts and describes Latin American countries for the broader public in the United States. The reading between the lines of the stories and pictures reveals a moral geography of the region from an American viewpoint and opens up a debate on the impacts of images and discourse on the shaping of worldviews and understanding of different cultures.
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