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ID:
078640
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2007.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Human rights abuses occur regularly around the world, affecting millions of citizens each year. Unfortunately, few studies have sought to examine the structure and role domestic perceptions play when such abuses transpire. The purpose of this article is to investigate the macro- and micro-level factors that shape the dynamics of human rights perceptions. The authors argue that perceptions are shaped not only by the human rights conditions within a country, but also by individual-level factors such as gender and political allegiance. Previous research on this topic has been limited to the analysis of a single survey question in fewer than 20 countries in Central and Eastern Europe. The authors expand the analysis to cover 55 countries from most regions of the world and examine alternative survey questions pertaining to human rights issues. The authors include variables that measure perceptions of general human rights conditions, as well as specific rights such as freedom from torture. They find linkages between expert-based measures of human rights conditions and perceptions of the general human rights situation in the country as well as for the more extreme aspect of torture. This suggests that the concept of human rights may share similar meanings in the minds of citizens and experts for at least some aspects of human rights values
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| 2 |
ID:
110802
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2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article relies on data from the 2005-09 World Values Survey to examine individual and cross-national variation in perception of the seriousness of global warming. The data show that a large majority of the public in all countries are concerned about the problem of global warming and that this assessment is part of a broader concern for global environmental issues. The widespread concern implies that global warming has the potential to generate mass political participation and demand for political action. Motivated by a value-based approach to the study of public opinion, the article shows that perception of the seriousness of the problem is positively correlated with high education, post-materialism, and a leftist position on the left-right scale. In addition, religious beliefs are important, suggesting that there is some diversity in the value basis for the issue and that it is not only linked to the 'new-politics' perspective. Variation across nations in wealth and CO2 emissions is not significantly related to the publics' assessments of the problem, and, somewhat counterintuitively, people from countries relatively more exposed to climate-related natural disasters are less concerned about global warming. We suggest possible explanations for the latter finding and discuss our results in relation to the broader literature on environmental change, insecurity, and the potential for conflict.
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