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| 1 |
ID:
190415
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| Summary/Abstract |
After nearly two decades of rising wages for those in the unskilled sectors of China's economy, in the mid-2010s employment and wages in China began to experience new polarizing trends. Using data from the National Bureau of Statistics of China, this paper examines trends in multiple sectors and subeconomies of China, revealing the substantial rise of employment in informal, low-skilled services as well as the steady decline of wage growth in the informal subeconomy. At the same time, we find that although employment growth in the formal subeconomy is relatively moderate, wage growth in high-skilled services is steadily rising. These two trends pose a challenge for China, presenting a new and uncertain period of economic change.
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| 2 |
ID:
084302
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| 3 |
ID:
182826
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| Summary/Abstract |
In this paper, we document the lesser-known heterogeneous trends of college/non-college earnings premium across age groups from 1995 to 2013 in China. Specifically, the college premium in 2013 for the younger group (age 25–34) was about 30 percentage points, similar to the level in 1995, while the college premium in 2013 for the older group (age 45–54) increased to 50 percentage points, nearly double that of 1995. To attribute these divergent trends of the college premium to the changes in the relative size of college workers, we use the model by Card and Lemieux (2001), which incorporates imperfect substitution between similarly educated workers in different age cohorts. Due to the distinctions of these trends in China, our identification is free of the overestimation issue that the existing studies suffer. Our results are similar to those in the U.S., U.K., Canada, and Japan. Holding the age cohort and survey year constant, a one unit increase in log relative size of college workers is associated with about 10 percentage points decrease in college/non-college premium and about 18 percentage points decrease in college/high school premium. We further find that the negative effect is much more substantial among the new entrants (age 25–29) than experienced workers (age 30–54). By this pattern, we demonstrate that the new labor market entrants are more sensitive to their own cohort size and argue that the confounding ability composition effect should not be a serious issue.
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| 4 |
ID:
142560
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| Summary/Abstract |
The concept of governance has gained considerable attention over the last years. This is true for all parts of society, but very pronouncedly for space, where the increasing diversity of players is calling for ever better approaches to deal with the establishment and monitoring of policies and the management of humanity's most expansive global common. In this process, reference is almost always made to the term governance. In many cases, it is understood in rather specific technical and legal contexts, but it is also used very broadly and sometimes quite indiscriminately. In order to shed light on many of the hidden underlying dynamics of governance, the European Space Policy Institute (ESPI) addressed the topic at its 8th Autumn Conference on 11–12 September 2014. To capture the topic of governance from a wide variety of angles, speakers included representatives from space agencies, industry and academia – coming from different parts of the world. Main topics which were addressed during the conference included the relationship between space governance and international relations theory, the effects of liberalisation, regionalisation and geopolitics on space governance, and the evolution of space governance in the European context. This brief report captures the major findings of the two-day event and accentuates a number of trends recurring throughout the speakers' presentations.
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| 5 |
ID:
111556
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2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The year 2011 was a turbulent one for the world. As the European sovereign debt crisis intensified, the world economic recovery lost steam. The volatility in West Asia and North Africa, with apparent international involvement, affected regional situation and geopolitical configuration. The Asia Pacific situation was in evolution and major countries increased their input in the region. The world moved further towards multipolarity. Deep-rooted problems accumulated in Western countries over the years broke out and "waves of wrath" swept across the globe. Evolution and adjustments in international and regional situation accelerated amid growing uncertainty and unpredictability.
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| 6 |
ID:
100752
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2010.
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A unified index of income inequality, volatility, and mobility risk is presented, and measurements based on US and Chinese panel data calculated. China is found to have higher-income volatility than the US in recent data, so that long-run inequality is comparable in the two countries, and short-run inequality overstates long-run inequality more in China than in the US. In both countries volatility and income inequality are increasing over time.
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| 7 |
ID:
104015
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2010.
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In 2010, the underlying impact of the international financial crisis has further developed. The world economic recovery has been slow and tortuous. The momentum of collective rise of major emerging countries has strengthened. Reform of the international financial system has made progress. Interactions of the international relations are more complex. Traditional and non-traditional security threats are intertwined. Contentions among different development models have intensified. Asia has seen its status rising in spite of more destabilizing factors.
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| 8 |
ID:
103735
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| 9 |
ID:
124176
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2013.
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Despite the prominent place of intervention in contemporary world politics, debate is limited by two weaknesses: first, an excessive presentism; and second, a focus on normative questions to the detriment of analysis of the longer-term sociological dynamics that fuel interventionary pressures. In keeping with the focus of the Special Issue on the ways in which intervention is embedded within modernity, this article examines the emergence of intervention during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, assesses its place in the contemporary world, and considers its prospects in upcoming years. The main point of the article is simple - although intervention changes in character across time and place, it is a persistent feature of modern international relations. As such, intervention is here to stay.
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| 10 |
ID:
089982
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2009.
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This article examines the patterns and changes in public perceptions of domestic income inequality in Hong Kong in the past two decades and explains individual variations in these perceptions. It found that the perceived seriousness of income disparities had been persistently high, while the perceived unjustness of income disparities showed a fluctuating trend. Our findings lent partial support to the structural position thesis that the privileged groups are less likely than the underprivileged groups to consider existing income disparities to be serious and unjust. Nonetheless, the popular understanding of poverty is still biased towards 'individual' explanations, and this perhaps explains why the government is less willing to tackle the economic and political foundations of poverty in Hong Kong.
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| 11 |
ID:
146233
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What specific forms of reasoning underlie the US approach to Asia, what downside risks do they imply, and to what extent can they be mitigated? This article examines the theoretical underpinnings of the US “rebalance” to Asia by categorizing US policies according to three types of logic: military power; economic liberalism; and institutionalism. It then uses international relations theory as a diagnostic tool to assess risks in these approaches. Recent efforts toward improving transparency in contested maritime areas and capacity-building of local allies and partners may address the strategy’s most acute risks, while inevitably generating more in the process.
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| 12 |
ID:
117901
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2013.
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Apart from existing conflicts in places such as Sudan and Somalia, in 2012 Africa witnessed the eruption of major armed conflicts involving rebel groups and a rise in emerging threats to security particularly terrorism and other forms of transnational threats. In providing an analytical review of these developments and their implications for the peace and security trends of Africa, this article points out that while the number and persistence of conflicts in Africa has in general been on decline, various parts of the continent continue to experience serious challenges to peace and security. Governance-related problems (notably serious democratic deficits and horizontal inequalities) and state fragility constitute the two common features of almost all of the existing and new crises affecting the continent in 2012.
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| 13 |
ID:
106068
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| 14 |
ID:
147796
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| Summary/Abstract |
The authors formulate and formalize the stages of laying scientific and technological groundwork for armaments development. They also discuss the structural component of these stages, as well as motivations that determine and stimulate the nature of scientific research groundwork applied to actual trends and problems of military hardware development.
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| 15 |
ID:
178905
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| Summary/Abstract |
This study investigates the relationship between terrorism and interpersonal violence by conducting cross-national analyses on the effects of terrorism mortality rates on homicide rates. Results show that terrorism appears to be robustly and positively associated with homicide. This finding is based on the calculation of a series of independently pooled and twoways fixed-effects models on a panel that incorporates more than 165 countries over 24 years (1991–2014). The results lend tentative support to the so-called “legitimation-habituation” hypothesis that was formulated in regard to the effects of security-related stress on homicide rates in Israel more than 30 years ago. The topic has been largely neglected ever since. While confirming a positive relationship between terrorism and homicide, this study concludes that a causal influence of terrorism on homicide rates is conceivable, but cannot conclusively be proven within the confines of the research design. Future research on potential mediators of the supposed effect is needed, and data limitations need to be overcome.
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| 16 |
ID:
079645
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| Publication |
2007.
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| Summary/Abstract |
If international terrorism is on a rising trend, an important source of confirmation or refutation of this is time-series data on terrorist activity. Using chiefly data collected by the RAND/MIPT consortium we show using basic statistical analysis that in the period 1968-2005 the yearly number of all international terrorist incidents shows no trend over time, but fluctuates year on year in a random manner. On the other hand some indicators do show a definite trend over time, principally the steady rise in the number of incidents that are death-dealing in nature. A further conclusion is drawn, showing that the proportion of these incidents leading to deaths above a given level is virtually fixed.
1 This research is supported by the US Institute of Peace (USIP). The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this article are those of its author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the USIP. Data employed in this article can be obtained in their raw form from the author on request
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| 17 |
ID:
126250
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| 18 |
ID:
148756
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| 19 |
ID:
084222
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| 20 |
ID:
158755
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