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MULLIGAN, MARTIN (2) answer(s).
 
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ID:   109035


Building local responses to disaster: lessons from the 2004 Tsunami in Sri Lanka and India / Nadarajah, Yaso; Mulligan, Martin   Journal Article
Mulligan, Martin Journal Article
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Publication 2011.
Summary/Abstract While there has been much discussion in international disaster management literature in recent years of the need to give affected communities much more 'ownership' of recovery and rehabilitation pro-jects and programs, there is little real understanding of what this might mean in practice. There are many calls for post-disaster recovery programs to reduce vulnerability to future risks, or to 'build back better'. Drawing from an intense study of social recovery and community rebuilding across five tsunami-affected local areas in Sri Lanka and southern India, this article affirms the need for greater community 'guidance' of disaster recovery but it argues that different forms of community engagement are required for different stages in the long process from relief to recovery. It argues that 'build back better' is possible, but only if aid and other related agencies work more closely with existing capacities for resilience within the affected communities and contribute towards their legitimacy.
Key Words India  Sri Lanka  Legitimacy  Disaster  Tsunami  Resilience 
Rebuilding  Local Community  Disaster-recovery 
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2
ID:   079670


On the trail of Malaysia's weirdest animal: the GONGO / Mulligan, Martin   Journal Article
Mulligan, Martin Journal Article
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Publication 2007.
Summary/Abstract The rainforests and mangrove wetlands of Malaysia and Southeast Asia are among Earth's most naturally rich environments; temperate countries are poor by comparison. A high proportion of animals and plants in these tropical rainforests, the outcome of 60 million years of evolution, live nowhere else. So the importance of work to conserve this region is apparent. Yet much of this work is left to the so-called GONGOS - or government-owned non-governmental organizations. The GONGO is a species of organization that is found world-wide wherever democracy is new or fragile or otherwise less than fully functioning. Despite frustrations and constraints, however, tiny groups of idealists within this framework may influence and even transform government policy
Key Words Environment  Conservation  GONGO  Rainforest  Azam  Sarawak 
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