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| 1 |
ID:
150374
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| Summary/Abstract |
Distributional incidences are fundamental to environmental and energy policies, a condition that has led to controversies on the equity of environmental and energy policy. Using data from China's Urban Household Income and Expenditure Survey data from 2007, this study quantified the distributional effects of the green electricity price subsidy policy among Chinese urban household and compared its effects by using lifetime income and annual income to classify households, respectively. The results show that total electricity subsidies are mainly driven by indirect electricity subsidies. By using lifetime income to classify households, subsidies to households in the poorest two groups accounted for less than 10.2% of the total subsidies, whereas money distributed to households in the top two deciles reached 35.4%. The comparison using annual income to group households also demonstrated the similar impact of the green electricity price subsidy policy. China’s future market reforms should allow electricity prices to reflect pollution abatement costs. Additionally, a multi-step block electricity price schedule can reduce the regressivity of the policy.
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| 2 |
ID:
082938
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| Publication |
2008.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The ZANU government of President Robert Mugabe has undertaken a credible measure of land redistribution but has yet to achieve a mutually beneficial land reform among the races in Zimbabwe. Mugabe's desire to alter the structure of economic power in a fair and equitable manner provides validity for land reform and redistribution. However, the government's political tactics in handling land reform along with parsimonious British funding significantly contributed to the failure of achieving the goal of a just, equitable and non-racial society. By conveying a portion of public land to private use, via leasehold contract, both sides stand to gain in a mutually beneficial relationship.
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| 3 |
ID:
129055
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Health insurance has been one of the major forms of health financing in China since the 1950s. Health insurance in China has seen dramatic shifts given the different economic and political contexts. From an almost universal coverage and access to health services in the pre-reforms period, China witnessed tremendous inequities in access with the breakdown of its collective financing structures and rising costs of health care in the 1980s and 1990s in both rural and urban areas with the onset of economic reforms. As a result policies in the late 1990s and 2000s shifted towards universalising access by introducing different insurance schemes for the urban and rural population. This article attempts to trace this transformation in insurance schemes through three distinct phases and draws lessons for access to health services.
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