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| 1 |
ID:
083249
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| Publication |
2008.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article attempts to explain the determinants of the probability of willingness to join rebel groups by youths in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, using primary data from a sample of 1,337 individuals drawn from 18 communities. A cardinal objective is to test the theoretical explanations of the motivation for rebellion in resource-based societies and to examine the kind of factors that present rebel opportunity. Fifteen variables are used to reflect motives and opportunity for rebellion, and a logit regression model is employed to estimate the probability of willingness to participate. While grievance appears to be pervasive among individuals- and is systemically explained by the data, it is not seen to have high statistical effect on the probability of having a disposition to rebel participation. Rather, individual-and community-level factors that reduce the opportunity cost and risk of participation, or increase the perceived benefits, appear to be more important. The findings suggest that strategies to achieve long-lasting civil peace in Nigeria's Delta must go beyond grievance to address individual-level factors that determine the opportunity cost of participation in violence, such as low income level and low educational attainment, and community-level factors that create an opportunity to profit from extreme forms of civil disobedience, such as low infrastructure. Some of these strategies choices are found also to have the potential to address grievance
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| 2 |
ID:
089419
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article examines the concept of trust in the context of resource extraction, focusing on the moral and statutory responsibilities of the state, extractive firms, and host communities, and using Nigeria's Niger Delta as a case study. It attributes ongoing oil-related unrest to the breakdown of trust between these parties. Using a combination of primary and secondary data, it links outbreaks of violence to the failure of the state to foster development, create an enabling environment for economic growth in communities, and build rational institutions for peaceful and sustainable resource extraction; oil companies' exploitation of weaknesses in existing institutional arrangements to promote selfish interests; communities' almost-total dependence on companies for the provision of public goods and employment; and the collapse of trust between communities and between various groups and individuals in the region. To address conflict outbreaks, restore and build trust between parties, it recommends some institutional reforms and policy changes in the oil industry and beyond.
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