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| Srl | Item |
| 1 |
ID:
149313
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article investigates the temporal trend in the socioeconomic differentials between ethnic minorities and the Han majority in China. Data from a series of population censuses and a mini-census show that, while the regional distribution of ethnic minorities remained relatively stable from 1982 to 2005, occupational segregation and educational disparities between minorities and the Han increased over time. Multivariate analysis of data from the 2005 mini-census further reveals that ethnic minorities were disadvantaged in earnings in urban labor markets compared to the Han, especially those minorities in the private sector and in self-employment. The analysis also uncovers substantial heterogeneity among ethnic minorities in their socioeconomic relationship with the Han and presents a comprehensive picture of how various ethnic minorities have fared in the course of China’s economic transition.
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| 2 |
ID:
084461
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| Publication |
2008.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Prior research has debated the relative importance of such factors as human capital, political capital and region in determining workers' earnings in reform-era urban China. This article argues that a main agent of social stratification in contemporary China continues to be the danwei, the work unit. Using data from a 1999 survey we conducted in three large Chinese cities, Wuhan, Shanghai and Xi'an, we assess the extent to which workers' earnings (including regular wages, bonuses and subsidies) depend on the profitability of their danwei. Results show that the financial situation of the danwei is one of the most important determinants of earnings in today's urban China. Furthermore, the importance of danwei profitability does not vary by city or by employment sector.
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| 3 |
ID:
159545
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| Summary/Abstract |
To balance ethnocultural diversity with national integration, the Chinese government started formulating a series of ethnic policies in the early 1950s, including policies on identifying and classifying ethnic groups, a system of regional ethnic autonomy, and a set of preferential treatment policies toward 55 minorities. This article aims to examine socioeconomic disparities between ethnic minorities and the Han majority in China, focusing on the role played by regional ethnic autonomy. Based on a large sample of China's mini-census data collected in 2005, we show that among nonfarm working populations, minorities are more likely than the Han to become managers/professionals or obtain high-status occupation, regardless of whether they are living in their own autonomous jurisdiction or other places. Minorities are paid lower wages, however, even after controlling for other characteristics, and the gap is even wider in autonomous jurisdictions than elsewhere. Finally, children of mixed Han-minority marriages in ethnic autonomous jurisdictions are more likely to identify themselves as minorities, especially those holding urban registration status (hukou) whose parents have received more schooling. Our findings bear important implications for the current debate on ethnic policy in China.
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| 4 |
ID:
181920
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| Summary/Abstract |
The impact of market transition on economic returns to political power in post-socialist regimes has been the topic of heated debate in past decades. This article aims to provide new answers to this old question by examining how the economic opportunities available to former political elites have been shaped by the process of privatization. Based on firm-level data from a nationally representative survey on private enterprises and entrepreneurs, the authors show that former political elites have actively pursued new opportunities in the growing private sector either by acquiring privatized firms or by establishing their own ones. The extent to which they could convert their political power into personal wealth was contingent upon how the privatization process was structured and regulated in a local context.
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| 5 |
ID:
093239
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2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Over the past decades income inequality has been sharply increasing in both mainland China and Hong Kong, two Chinese societies that have distinct paths of institutional development. While previous studies on income inequality have attempted to document the trend and investigate its causes, this article focuses on people's perceptions of legitimate income inequality and how these perceptions are related to their attitude towards inequality. Analyses of data collected in separate population surveys in China (2005) and Hong Kong (2007) reveal a higher degree of tolerance of income inequality and a higher degree of perceived fairness of income distribution in Hong Kong than in the mainland. In both societies, such normative support for income inequality is positively associated with people's perceptions of opportunities.
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| 6 |
ID:
161060
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article analyses the data from the 2010 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) to investigate the effects of the New Rural Pension Scheme (NRPS) on people's political trust and policy expectations in China. Results from difference-in-differences (DID) analyses show that those in the NRPS pilot areas reported higher levels of trust in government at both central and local levels than their counterparts in non-NRPS areas, with the former gaining more support than the latter. Moreover, the potential NRPS beneficiaries show similarly higher levels of trust in both central and local governments than non-NRPS beneficiaries. However, the policy did not increase rural residents’ rights consciousness that the government should take the main responsibility for the provision of the old-age support. These findings suggest that citizens' political trust under an authoritarian regime is mainly determined by the material benefits they receive.
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