| Srl | Item |
| 1 |
ID:
088031
|
|
|
|
|
| Publication |
2009.
|
| Summary/Abstract |
We propose a new method to evaluate the burden of oil price on any set of goods and services, and apply it to French households. This method takes into account the contribution of indirect energy consumption, which constitutes typically one half of the energy used by a typical French household. It yields an average burden of 4.4% in 2006, with a higher relative burden for households with lower income, older members and rural dwelling.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2 |
ID:
118110
|
|
|
| 3 |
ID:
171481
|
|
|
|
|
| Summary/Abstract |
Distributed energy resources, including photovoltaic solar and energy storage, are seeing increased deployment. The optimal configuration and operation of these resources depend on several external factors, including energy pricing, incentive programs, and the provision of capacity payments. We model, as a mixed-integer optimization problem, the design and operation of a hybrid energy system that consists of photovoltaic solar arrays that are coupled with energy storage using a shared inverter. We apply our optimization model to a case study that considers two locations in California and a variety of pricing and subsidy regimes. We demonstrate that a well designed time-variant retail tariff provides reasonable incentives for building and operating a hybrid energy system. On the other hand, investment tax credits and the provision of capacity payments can be considerably more distortionary. In particular, constraints that govern the investment tax credit in the United States can hamper significantly the deployment of the hybrid energy systems that we examine.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 4 |
ID:
084709
|
|
|
|
|
| Publication |
2008.
|
| Summary/Abstract |
This article examines the effect of increased state control over the Russian gas sector and its ultimate impact on energy security in Europe. The various mechanisms by which the state has acquired ownership (or quasi-ownership) over several independent gas producers as well as the potential dangers this poses for European energy supplies are scrutinised. Due to the demonstrated inefficiency of Russian state-controlled companies, negative consequences, such as slowed production growth, are likely to result. The few remaining independent gas producers are still hampered in their development due to the government's reluctance to implement structural reforms in the Russian gas sector.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|