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| 1 |
ID:
101182
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| 2 |
ID:
102179
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| 3 |
ID:
143219
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| Summary/Abstract |
In the 1990s, China showed practically no interest in Turkmen oil and gas. It developed this interest in the middle of the first decade of the twenty-first century and has been widening it ever since. In three years (2006-2009), Beijing built up its presence in Turkmenistan and, after the agreements of September 2013, became an uncontested leader in the Turkmen oil and gas industry.
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| 4 |
ID:
140759
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| Summary/Abstract |
China’s presence in Kazakhstan’s oil and gas industry shows that it is primarily interested in developing this country’s hydrocarbon fields. Raising the production volumes of Kazakhstan’s hydrocarbons will make it possible for China to meet its own energy needs. Chinese companies presently control approximately one quarter of the oil produced in Kazakhstan and one fifth of its petroleum product market. They also occupy a relatively strong niche in such an important segment of Kazakhstan’s oil and gas industry as the construction and exploitation of oil and gas pipelines. In the short and medium term, the nature and scope of China’s presence in Kazakhstan’s oil and gas industry is unlikely to significantly change. In the long term, much will depend on whether Chinese companies gain access to “big oil” and, correspondingly, “big gas” after developing offshore deposits, primarily within the framework of the North Caspian project.
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| 5 |
ID:
139282
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| Summary/Abstract |
The authors present a prognosis of the policy of five Central Asian countries in order to identify the main problems associated with the essential absence of development of real, deep, and extensive forms of multilateral cooperation in the region. The main accent is placed on identifying/explaining the key reasons/factors of the unwillingness of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan to cooperate with each other, as well as on demonstrating the negative consequences of the absence of the necessary level of trust, cooperation, and integration in the region.
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| 6 |
ID:
088545
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Retaining its key role in Central Asia (CA) and in the post-Soviet expanse as a whole is one of the main priorities of the Russian Federation's current policy. Carrying out this strategic task was and still is directly related to the development of security cooperation, which, in addition to being of mutual benefit in the difficult regional and international circumstances, also has a significant political and propagandist effect.
Despite the many disintegrating factors that accompanied the sovereign emergence of each of the post-Soviet republics after the collapse of the Soviet Union, their common historical past, as well as economic, cultural, linguistic, and other traditional ties continue to prompt both the Russian Federation and Central Asia to seek cooperation in both collective and national security. Whereby preference goes to bilateral relations since it is this format that implies more specific and practical forms of military cooperation and is more confidential, making it possible to avoid any negative overtones associated with ambitions and mutual lack of understanding that are particularly vividly manifested in the multilateral format.
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| 7 |
ID:
091080
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2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The history of Russia's policy in Central Asia is long and colorful, although the relations between Russia and Central Asia did not begin to gather momentum until the latter half of the 19th century when Central Asia became part of the Russian Empire. It was then that the region gradually established closer political, economic, cultural, and other contacts with Russia, which helped it overcome its economic and geographical isolation and added vigor to its social and economic life.
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| 8 |
ID:
085836
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2008.
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| Summary/Abstract |
In the 1990s, Russia's projects and investments in the Central Asian oil and gas industry were mainly concentrated in Kazakhstan, while its interest in other states of the region were minimal. When Vladimir Putin became Russian president in 2000 and the price of hydrocarbons steadily rose, Central Asia's importance abruptly increased. This caused the Russian Federation and Russian oil and gas companies to drastically step up their activity not only in Kazakhstan, but also in Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Russia has also started to show a much greater interest recently in two other states-Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan-despite their low oil and gas potential.
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| 9 |
ID:
096059
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