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| 1 |
ID:
083100
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2008.
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| Summary/Abstract |
An article that discusses how information and communications technology (computer systems and data transmission) are used as 'cyber weapons' for criminal purposes. It canvasses a number of legislative policy options for controlling their misuse. The paper concludes with the view that implementing some form of cyber weapons laws - in the same vein as firearms legislation - would not only help ensure society's domestic well-being, but would also aid national security.
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| 2 |
ID:
083098
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| Publication |
2008.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The purpose of this paper is to estimate the current cost of protection rackets in Sicily. By means of a database constructed on judicial evidence, it has been possible to come up with an estimate of the average and total costs of the protection-money system, as well as finding out in which sectors of economic activity and in which provinces is most pervasive. The average monthly payment is approximately 600 euros per business, with stronger effects in those areas with a relatively more traditional economic structure. As a whole, in monetary terms, the protection racket in Sicily accounts for over 1.4% of gross regional product. Finally, the paper supports the hypothesis that in most cases, the pervasive presence of the mafia represents a considerable constraint on business growth.
This paper partially draws on an earlier study of the same authors for the Fondazione Rocco Chinnici, and published in Italian in 2008 as 'Un tentativo di stima del costo delle estorsioni sulle imprese a livello regionale: il caso Sicilia', in A. La Spina (eds.) , Bologna, Il Mulino. This paper partially draws on an earlier study of the same authors for the Fondazione Rocco Chinnici, and published in Italian in 2008 as 'Un tentativo di stima del costo delle estorsioni sulle imprese a livello regionale: il caso Sicilia', in A. La Spina (eds.) I costi dell'illegalitBologna, Il Mulino.
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| 3 |
ID:
083097
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| Publication |
2008.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The economic analysis of organised crime suggests that some economic activities are particularly vulnerable to penetration by criminal organisations. This paper provides an analysis of the structure of the Sicilian economy and shows that, when compared with other Italian regions, it is characterised by a disproportionate presence of such activities. In particular, the economy of Sicily appears characterised by: (i) a large dimension of traditional sectors, such as the Construction sector, which also has a strong territorial specificity; (ii) a large presence of small firms; (iii) a low level of technology; (iii) a large public sector. The joint presence of these features creates fertile soil for the typical activities of organised crime, such as extortion and cartel enforcement. Hence, we propose an alternative explanation of the persistence of organised crime with respect to explanations based on cultural and social factors.
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| 4 |
ID:
083099
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2008.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This text constructs a profile of one of Mexico's most powerful organised crime groups, the Gulf cartel. The text analyses the power of the cartel in the international system, the effects globalisation has had on its operations, the threats it poses to the state, and the obstacles the state faces in countering transnational organised crime groups
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