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| 1 |
ID:
118204
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| 2 |
ID:
180656
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| Summary/Abstract |
Recent scholarship on care has continued to push the boundaries of care research beyond the Global North and beyond the usual areas of study. In the spirit of finding care in unusual and troubling places, this article examines the role of care in an unexpected location – namely, ransom kidnappings by Somali pirates. Drawing on accounts from the memoirs of former hostages, this study explores the complicated relational dynamics of care that emerge between the pirates and their hostages. In particular, it focuses on the ways in which the locations of the hostage situations shape the manner and quality of care across four geographical zones in Somalia. The analysis draws on a caringscape approach and focuses on the “bricolage of care” pieced together from available goods, the limited skills of the pirates themselves, and the skills and resources of the hostages. By providing an unflinching account of care in these difficult contexts, this article seeks a more robust understanding of the varieties of caring behavior across the human experience and a more nuanced sense of where care fits into a discussion of ethics in a globalized world.
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| 3 |
ID:
160122
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This article joins the nascent debate on the causal status of securitisation theory. Relying on critical realist’s efforts to deepen and broaden the concept of cause – defined as ‘causal complex’ – and its insights to integrate discourse and constitutive relations into a non-positivist framework for causal explanation, the article aims to explore the explanatory status of securitisation theory, without downgrading its discursive core. To illustrate this argument, the article uses the securitisation of Somali piracy as an example of how the causal analysis of securitisation can contribute to explain some of the dynamics involved in security governance. From this perspective, securitisation works within a broader empirical framework of security, significantly implicated in causal relations, going beyond the Copenhagen School’s conception of securitisation as a non-causal constitutive theory merely defined as a formal framework for analysis. The article discusses, finally, the relevance and implications of introducing causal analysis in the study of securitisation.
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| 4 |
ID:
101772
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2010.
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Somali piracy has been poorly understood and consequently the international strategy designed to curtail it has not worked. Because of this mismatch some of the pirates have extended their exploits deep into the Indian Ocean. This article provides an analysis which shows that several pirate types driven by different logics have operated along the Somali coast and all but one of these pirates emerged as a result of the Somali state's disintegration. In contrast, pirates in other Third World regions operate under established states. Therefore, we argue that piracy is not only a matter of robbery on the high seas, but that political economy and conflict over resources have been fundamental to the rise of piracy in the region. The article offers a more refined assessment of the piracy in the region, as well as a critical appraisal of the moral economy of Somali pirates which yields an alternative method of understanding and curbing the problem.
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| 5 |
ID:
148313
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The practice turn provides new avenues for core questions of international relations and European Studies. This article draws on a practice theoretical account to shed new light on the constitution of agency in global politics. An understanding of agency as achievement that requires significant practical work and the participation in international fields of practice is developed. Drawing on the case of the field of counter-piracy practice and the European Union’s (EU’s) work to counter piracy off the coast of Somalia, it is shown how the EU achieved the position as a core actor in the field. A detailed discussion of the EU’s work in interrupting and knowing piracy, in building capacity, and in governing piracy is provided.
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| 6 |
ID:
117215
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| 7 |
ID:
170428
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Since the 1980s, the idea that piracy is the “original” and “paradigmatic” universal jurisdiction crime in customary international law has been increasingly supported by weighty scholarship. In the wake of the unprecedented surge in Somali piracy, this view is gaining ground among various powerful actors in international law. Yet, remarkably little empirically grounded scholarship exists in support of universal jurisdiction. This Article provides the first comprehensive empirical analysis of state practice in response to Somali piracy in a ten-year period since 2006. Additionally, the data on Somali piracy are compared with the empirical findings of state practice regarding international crimes, which are more “heinous” than piracy, since the end of World War II to 2016. In so doing, this Article brings new insight and the first thorough critique of what most scholars, governments, the UN and even the International Court of Justice have said on universal jurisdiction, its purpose and the basis for it in international law. In view of inter-state tensions and conflict caused by universal jurisdiction and a move towards law codification, there is now a pressing need for a paradigm shift in the concept of universal jurisdiction for both piracy and international crimes, a step away from conventional scholarly accounts, and the grand narratives from which they proceed, to a position that has a solid basis in the actual practice of states. Empirically and historically informed, it is proposed that “universal jurisdiction” for both categories of crime provides a basis in international law permitting the exercise of national criminal jurisdiction over offences involving foreign nationals abroad that have a close nexus between the case over which jurisdiction is asserted and the state asserting jurisdiction. Common and traditionally held assumptions that universal jurisdiction is based solely on the grave nature of crimes and is applied by states absent any nexus to offences and in the interest of the international community are unfounded.
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| 8 |
ID:
155817
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Facing the threat of Somali piracy, private actors have created a private security governance framework by both issuing and implementing standards as well as offering operative security solutions through armed guards. Which conditions have facilitated this provision of private security? The present article approaches this research question in two innovative ways: Theoretically, by deriving four conditions from the literature on private climate governance and applying them to the security realm; and empirically, by analyzing the activities of Private Military and Security Companies and the shipping industry in the case of Somali piracy based on a series of semi-structured interviews. Thus, the article contributes to the literature on private security in at least two ways: it provides an extensive understanding of private security incorporating operative and regulative elements and it uses insights about private governance from a more developed field in order to understand private security governance more systematically. The article concludes that all four conditions prominent in the literature on climate change – risk perception, involvement of capital markets, governmental inability, and commodification – can successfully be applied to the case of Somali piracy and explain the emergence and dynamic of private security governance.
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| 9 |
ID:
124741
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2013.
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The EU and China may strike observers as actors with fundamentally different political and normative outlooks and thus unlikely partners in international security. Yet, Benjamin Barton argues, the international fight against piracy in the Indian Ocean has provided them with the opportunity to forge a more collaborative relationship in the realm of maritime security. Their convergence on counter-piracy may also provide interesting lessons with regard to Europe's broader strategic engagement of China.
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| 10 |
ID:
104653
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2011.
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Since the overthrow of its last ruler Siad Barre in 1990, Somalia's conditions have worsened and, barring a few islands of peace, are degenerating rapidly; its waves of insecurity surge beyond its shores. Piracy off Somalia is a consequence of its present volatile insecurity on shore, and 20 years of conflict resolution efforts have come to naught. As piracy increases and anti-piracy operations intensify, efforts at finding lasting peace on shore have run aground. Based upon the successful process of the United Nations Conference of the Law of the Sea, the time is now ripe to jettison moribund processes and pursue viable alternatives, which the combined efforts of the nations of world, corporate institutions and civil society can effect through a world conference designed to address the issue of all failed states.
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| 11 |
ID:
091367
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| 12 |
ID:
151909
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| 13 |
ID:
141051
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There has been widespread and vociferous condemnation of Somali piracy and several states have used force against the pirates. This reflects the prevailing view of pirates as belligerents and aggressors who act wrongly. In this article, I challenge this view by defending the conditional moral permissibility of piracy. More specifically, I first argue that piracy can be morally permissible when certain conditions are met. These are what I call the principles of ‘justa piratica’, that is, the principles of just piracy. Second, I claim that these conditions are likely to apply to some Somali pirates. Third, as a corollary, I argue that the case of piracy shows that one of the shibboleths of Just War Theory – that a war cannot be just on both sides – is mistaken.
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| 14 |
ID:
114383
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| 15 |
ID:
123159
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| 16 |
ID:
129665
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| 17 |
ID:
095991
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2010.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The sharp escalation in ship hijackings by Somali pirates on one of the world's most important trade routes, highlighted by the headline-grabbing seizures of the Ukrainian MV Faina, with its cargo of tanks and heavy weapons, in September 2008 and the fully laden Saudi-owned tanker Sirius Star two months later, shows little sign of abating. In November 2009, the European Security Forum at the Centre for European Policy Studies in Brussels, co-sponsored by the IISS, addressed the question of 'Somalia and the Pirates'. These three essays, offering a range of contexts for the new piracy, are shortened versions of three of the papers presented. A fourth, on Somali security issues more generally, appears elsewhere in this issue.
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| 18 |
ID:
120084
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| Publication |
2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Relying on the literature on the political economy of new wars, this article aims to challenge the policy articulation of Somali piracy through the security-development nexus in recent resolutions of the UN Security Council. The article's central argument is that the UN Security Council's assumption that the political economy of piracy can be transformed by external top-down intervention based on a formulaic security-development nexus seems to be bound to fail for two main reasons: First, the 'nexus' is based on a virtual liberal state-building project in Somalia that is disconnected from the local context involving piracy; second, the 'nexus' works as a securitized dispositif, hence prioritizing security goals over social changes. Therefore, instead of the liberal peace recipe proposed by the Security Council as remedy for everything, including piracy, the article suggests a critical transformative approach, centred in actually existing forms of local politics and governance in areas affected by piracy, where the articulation between security and development can be made in a more balanced and nuanced way, taking into account the concrete needs of protection and development of people dependent on piracy.
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| 19 |
ID:
153960
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| 20 |
ID:
086087
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