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ID: 097731

Hedley bull and just war: missed opportunities and lessons to be learned / Williams, John

Williams, John	Journal Article
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2010.

Summary/Abstract

This article explores the reasons for the absence of a systematic engagement with the tradition of Just War in the political theory of Hedley Bull, despite his recognition of war as a key institution of international society and his engagement with normative aspects of International Relations and the thought of Hugo Grotius, a key figure in the Just War tradition. Developing work arguing for Bull's highly problematic reading of Grotius, the article considers the impact of philosophical and methodological aspects of Bull's work to explain his rejection of Just War and to argue that this rejection is neither plausible nor beneficial to Bull's engagement with war as an institution. Additionally, the article considers the potential for and benefits of engagement between English School theory and the Just War tradition for efforts within the English School to more effectively establish its normative dimension.

Key Words

Natural law ; English School ; Jus ad Bellum ; Normative Theory ; jus in bello ; Moral Scepticism

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ID: 086434

Nonstate actors in the international legal order: Israeli-Hezbollah conflict and the law of self-defense / Heinze, Eric A

Heinze, Eric A	Journal Article
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Publication

2009.

Summary/Abstract

The concern of whether nonstate actors can undertake an "armed attack" that would trigger a state's right to self-defense has acquired new prominence in the post-September 11 world. This article addresses that concern by examining the Israeli-Hezbollah conflict of July 2006. It argues that since the US invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, states have incurred an increased responsibility for the acts of nonstate actors that operate from their territory. Based on this emerging norm, the argument is that the degree of Lebanon's involvement in Hezbollah's attack against Israel was sufficient to justify the use of force in self-defense by Israel against both Hezbollah and the state of Lebanon. The conclusion is that while this is a potentially dangerous development in international law, there is reason to suggest that it may actually encourage states to prevent their territory from being used by nonstate actors to export violence.

Key Words

Self-defense ; Lebanon ; Nonstate Actors ; Jus ad Bellum ; Israeli-Hezbollah Conflict ; Hezbollah's Attack ;
International Law

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