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| 1 |
ID:
131634
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2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article examines the implications of Scottish independence for the UK's nuclear posture. It is argued here that a vote for independence will critically undermine this posture. Since the UK nuclear force operates entirely out of Scotland, and since the Scottish government continues to assert its intention to see nuclear weapons removed from an independent Scotland, it is overwhelmingly likely that a 'Yes' vote will prompt a demand for the drawdown of the UK nuclear force in Scotland. If it wished to maintain its nuclear capability, the UK government would then have to make alternative basing arrangements. It is argued here that a host of legal, financial and political difficulties may preclude any such relocation and that Downing Street may ultimately be left with little option but to surrender the UK's nuclear capability. This article concludes that far from weakening the UK, a surrendering of its nuclear posture would result in a stronger and more functional UK military footprint and would bolster the UK's standing in the international arena.
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| 2 |
ID:
105222
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2011.
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Early in the 1960s, the United States government saw Jordan as a useful ally but hesitated to supply the military and financial backing King Hussein requested. The Johnson administration wavered in its commitment to arm Jordan throughout the crises of the 1960s. After 1967, however, when Hussein found himself on the losing side but survived the crisis, the United States committed itself to Jordan's existence and threw its financial and political support behind him. This article draws on the LBJ Presidential Archives to examine the evolution of the Jordanian-American relationship in this turbulent decade.
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| 3 |
ID:
126733
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2013.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article will demonstrate that in 1963 the administration of President Kennedy helped create a Ba'th regime in Iraq and then provided it with assistance in order to secure U.S. interests, including access to oil and the containment of both Communism and Arab nationalism. On February 8, 1963, the Ba'th overthrew the dictatorship of General 'Abd-ul-Karim Qasim, an Iraqi nationalist who was seen by both the Eisenhower and Kennedy administrations as a threat to U.S. interests. U.S. policy makers provided the Ba'th regime with military and economic assistance, including sales of military equipment, credits for agricultural surpluses for credit under Public Law 480, and Export-Import Bank loans. Policy makers also encouraged private U.S. businesses to sign contracts with Iraq, supplied the Ba'th regime with ammunition to use against Kurdish rebels, used the Central Intelligence Agency to provide it military equipment, and ignored the Export-Import Bank's policy that prohibited financing arms sales.
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| 4 |
ID:
133614
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2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper provides a detailed analysis of the cotton sector reform process in Mali from 2000 to 2011, explaining reform delays and ambiguities in terms of the wider political and socio-economic context and aid relationships. Contrary to arguments pointing to lack of state commitment and ownership, domestic stakeholders increasingly worked towards finding an acceptable and consensual reform package. The process encountered quite serious obstacles, however, due to divergent actors' incentives, and the existence of opposing philosophies about what a restructured cotton sector should look like. As a consequence of donors' misjudgement of the political and social realities underlying the Malian cotton sector, dialogue among stakeholders was difficult and polarised, forcing the government to spend considerable time and resources to find a suitable compromise. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the merits and limits of pursuing consensual policy processes against the constraints posed by divergent donors' policy paradigms.
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| 5 |
ID:
112461
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2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
We examine whether and under what circumstances World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) programs affect the likelihood of major government crises. We find that crises are, on average, more likely as a consequence of World Bank programs. We also find that governments face an increasing risk of entering a crisis when they remain under an IMF or World Bank arrangement once the economy's performance improves. The international financial institution's (IFI) scapegoat function thus seems to lose its value when the need for financial support is less urgent. While the probability of a crisis increases when a government turns to the IFIs, programs inherited by preceding governments do not affect the probability of a crisis. This is in line with two interpretations. First, the conclusion of IFI programs can signal the government's incompetence, and second, governments that inherit programs might be less likely to implement program conditions agreed to by their predecessors.
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| 6 |
ID:
132547
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2014.
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The signing of the proposed bilateral security agreement between the US led coalition and the Afghan government is nowhere near sight, even though the declared deadline for the complete withdrawal of coalition-led forces by the end of 2014 is drawing closer everyday. This has led to a feeling of growing pessimism amongst the general public as well as those at the helm of public affairs; there is ample historic evidence to support this phenomenon. It took barely a few years for the South Vietnamese regime to fall into the hands of the North Vietnamese after the departure of US troops and drawing up on financial support, the fall of Dr. Najibullah's pro- Soviet Kabul regime to the Taliban was no different a story. While the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was successfully thwarted when Soviet troops withdrew a decade later by an alliance whose three main partners were Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and the United States, it was the latter's unceremonious and almost sudden withdrawal from this theatre of war, which sent this region into a socio-political mayhem, which continues to date with no immediate end in sight.
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| 7 |
ID:
132558
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2014.
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For at least a decade, there have been numerous Yemeni, Saudi, and other countries' assertions that Iran has been involved in supporting northern Yemeni rebels seeking autonomy from the Sana'a government. Iranian diplomatic and political support for this rebellious group (known as the Houthis) is undeniable, but Iranian military assistance for them has not always been easy to prove. This situation appeared to change in 2011 when Iran's increased involvement in Yemen occurred in response to both the chaotic situation there during the final year of the Saleh regime and the danger that the Arab Spring revolutions would leave Iran increasingly isolated. Evidence of Iranian efforts to supply weapons to the Houthis now seems overwhelming in contrast to uncertain reports prior to 2011. In addition, at least some of Yemen's southern secessionists also appear to be receiving at least limited Iranian financial support.
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| 8 |
ID:
137842
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For decades, Iran has supported the regime of Bashar al-Asad in Syria with military advisors, weapons, and both diplomatic and financial support due to Tehran's belief that a pro-Iranian government in Syria is a core national interest. In this regard, cooperation with Damascus has provided Tehran with a number of strategic advantages, which it is loath to surrender. More recently, the Iranians have also come to view Syria as a vital ally against the threat of the Islamic State in Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS). In this environment, the Islamic Republic will likely continue to bolster the Asad regime even if the Syrian civil war continues for years.
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| 9 |
ID:
131744
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2014.
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QinetiQ North America (NA) has used internal funding to developed its latest talon unmanned ground vehicle (UGV), HIS Jane's has learned.
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| 10 |
ID:
131965
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2014.
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The first of 10 new Kaman SH-2G(1) super seasprite maritime helicopters for the Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN) recently made it maiden flight, the company announced on 15 April.
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| 11 |
ID:
132760
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2014.
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In order to carry out their functions of deciding particular cases and developing legal rules and principles, courts need information: not just information about the law, but also factual information about the particular matter in controversy and about the world in general. The way in which courts are structured, however, makes it more difficult for them to obtain the information they need than it is for most other public decision-making institutions. As the world becomes more complex, and as sophisticated scientific, technical, and financial information becomes more central to litigation and to the judicial function, the systemic disabilities of the courts in obtaining the information they need become more apparent and increasingly more problematic.
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| 12 |
ID:
086653
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2009.
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Never abundant,financial support for the "academic humanities" is now scarce.How scarce it is,both in absolute and relative terms, and whether the humanities now confront particularly hard times, are the pressing questions.
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| 13 |
ID:
140422
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| 14 |
ID:
132243
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
US Special Operational Command (USSOCOM) stepped towards the realization of the special operations forces tactical communications (STC) system in May, with the publication of the draft solicitation for a two channel handheld radio with full-motion video receiver capability.
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| 15 |
ID:
130708
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2014.
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The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization provides a most interesting example of effective cooperation between international organizations-especially the World Health Organization, the UN Children's Fund, and the World Bank. Based on extensive research and interviews, this article examines how and why this cooperation came about. The role of the Gates Foundation in providing massive financial support was certainly crucial. An adequate explanation must, however, involve more than what might be called "buying cooperation"; trust played a crucial role. By studying this particular case in detail, this article raises some interesting theoretical issues about the role of trust in global governance.
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| 16 |
ID:
131962
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2014.
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The US shipbuilding industrial base will be at risk if mandatory spending cuts, known as sequestration, return in full forces in fiscal year 2016 (FY 2016), the US Navy's (USNs) most senior officers said in early April.
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| 17 |
ID:
131968
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2014.
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The US Coast Guard (USCG) needs a new ice breaker but does not have the estimated USD I billion required to build it and placed higher priority on a new offshore patrol cutter (OPC) according to USCG commandant Admiral Robert Papp.
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| 18 |
ID:
131967
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| Publication |
2014.
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US Navy (USNs) helicopter sea combat Squadron 15 (HSC 15), operating the MH-60S maritime helicopter, has received the new LAU-61C/A digital rocket launcher (DRL) as a precursor to deploying with the advanced precision kill weapons system -II (APKWS-II) guided rocket.
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| 19 |
ID:
086641
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2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Just over ten years ago, the mood of a large section of the North American academic world was caught in the title of a volume published by Princeton University Press with support from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation .
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| 20 |
ID:
092494
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The purpose of the present article is to examine the system of Shi'ite religious instruction in the Zaynabiyya awza in Damascus. As background we discuss the historical development which brought about the establishment of Shi'ite awzas and the evolution of Shi'ism in Syria. We analyze the reasons for the founding of the Zaynabiyya awza in Damascus, the causes of its great success, conditions for acceptance to the awza, the number of students, classrooms, teaching methods, the schedule, the language of instruction, official vacations and breaks, sources of financial support, stages of instruction and the curriculum of each stage, projects associated with the awza, the administrative building, the services it provides for its students, the awza's prospects for the future, its political role, and the Zaynabiyya awza's distinctive features in comparison to other Shi'ite institutions of the same kind.
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