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ID:
140449
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| Summary/Abstract |
In Soviet times, useful contacts had more value than money, and getting things done through unofficial channels of personal relations was a socially accepted norm. What changes have market reforms brought to Kazakhstan in these areas? This article details the use of informal payments and connections in Almaty and examines why non-monetary exchange of favours is increasingly being replaced by the immediate exchange of cash for assistance. This article argues that urban residents are becoming more inclined to quickly return a favour through cash and evade the lengthy exchanges involved in building reciprocal relationships, a practice widely accepted during Soviet times. This article also focuses on the importance of personal contacts in monetized exchange and demonstrates that cash payment is not a least preferred strategy for those who lack necessary networks. Urban residents in Kazakhstan in fact actively mobilize their personal networks to effectively and securely exchange monetary rewards.
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| 2 |
ID:
086643
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
In 1997, Princeton University Press published a volume, What's Happened to the Humanities?, which rang with alarm.Even contributors such as Francis Oakley, Carla Hesse, and Lynn Hunt, who tried to warn against despair by explaining how the current situation had come about,provided only a fragile defense against fundamental and deeply threatening change,while others such as Denis donoghue and Gertrude Himmelfarb wrote in palpable fear of the future.
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