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MERDEKA (2) answer(s).
 
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ID:   086848


Decolonization and the nation in Malay film, 1955-1965 / Barnard, Timothy P   Journal Article
Barnard, Timothy P Journal Article
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Publication 2009.
Summary/Abstract This article uses films made between 1955 and 1965 in the Chinese-owned, Malay-dominated, Singapore-based film industry as texts to analyse the attitudes of Malay activists in the film industry towards merdeka, or independence, in Malaya. It is argued that these activists were rarely interested in the process of political decolonization in the nation-state. Instead, the films made during this period used traditional local texts to promote Malay attitudes towards modernity, individualism and ethnic pride. This era of film-making ended in the mid-1960s as many of their hopes surrounding the possibilities of this new era did not come to fruition.
Key Words Decolonization  Malay Film  Merdeka  P Ramlee  Jamil Sulong 
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2
ID:   107089


Free speech in Malaysia: from feudal and colonial periods to the present / Sani, Mohd Azizuddin Mohd   Journal Article
Sani, Mohd Azizuddin Mohd Journal Article
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Publication 2011.
Summary/Abstract This article attempts to explore the introduction and progress of the idea and concept of free speech in Malaysia. It demonstrates that the idea of freedom and liberty has existed since the feudal period of the Malay Sultanate. However, the idea was very limited owing to constraints imposed by the feudal kings. The people saw the kings as divine figures. When the British colonised the Malay states, they introduced the modern Western concept of free speech. This was later embedded in the Malayan/Malaysian Constitution during the country's independence in 1957 as one of the essential fundamental liberties of the people. However, the British were also responsible for introducing several repressive laws, such as the Printing Presses and Publications Ordinance. The Malaysian government continued this policy after independence to the detriment of the practice of free speech in the country.
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