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ID: 152710

Boys will be boys? the normative sources of prostitution policy in the German and American militaries during world war ii / Brathwaite, Kirstin J H

Brathwaite, Kirstin J H	Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract

How do militaries decide policies regarding sex and sexual behavior? Are policies based on expert knowledge and correlated to military effectiveness? Is civilian intervention important in crafting military policies? This paper focuses on one specific type of military policy—that governing prostitution. It asks why militaries adopt particular policies regarding the use of prostitutes by their members. Examining two cases of professional militaries at war—Germany and the United States during World War II—it argues that professional military leaders came to different positions on prostitution based on intersecting gender, racial, and political norms in civilian society. The two militaries differed on policy not due to civilian intervention but rather as a result of different assessments of the influence of prostitution on military effectiveness. Those assessments of effectiveness were informed by the racial, gender, and political norms that permeated all of society, including the military.

Key Words

Civil-military relations ; Sexual Policy ; Military Prostitution

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ID: 087173

Sexual economy of the Islamic Republic / Afary, Janet

Afary, Janet	Journal Article
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2009.

Summary/Abstract

This article examines the gender and sexual policies of the Islamic Republic and their ramifications. It argues that the policies of the Islamist government cannot easily be categorized as "puritanical" or "moralistic." Rather we can argue that various factions within the state actively deployed a new "sexual economy" for the population. Sometimes, the Islamist state privileged patriarchal interpretations of gender norms over more modern ones. At other times, it adopted modern projects such as family planning alongside a discourse that presented them as practices rooted in traditional Islam. In all cases, the state used modern institutions to disseminate and enforce these practices.

Key Words

Iran ; Birth Control ; Sexual Policy ; Sexual Regulations ; Sexual Prohibitations

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