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| 1 |
ID:
114022
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2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
American military institutions importantly shaped the popular sport of college football. From support at its two oldest service academies, interest in football spread through military units across the country with military actors involved in the formation of the country's first collegiate athletic conference and the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Subsequently, the US military functioned as an agent of authoritative diffusion, fostering interest in college football after the First World War. Furthermore, military institutions, including the draft, affected not only which team would be most successful during the Second World War but also how civilians would play the game. These effects call to mind Charles Tilly's work on state formation and security-driven resource extraction as well as Harold Lasswell's garrison state idea.
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| 2 |
ID:
140848
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| Summary/Abstract |
The peacebuilding political rationality established in the first years of the current century broadened the target of such efforts from state institutions to populations and adopted an array of disciplinary and biopolitical techniques aimed at changing individuals and the ways they live together. This article explores international organization discourses on sport and peacebuilding and argues that the broad consensus on sport as a peacebuilding strategy is most fruitfully explored in light of the intensification of the biopolitical and disciplinary trajectories of the liberal peace.
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| 3 |
ID:
105413
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| 4 |
ID:
144685
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article seeks to explore the meanings of ‘masculinity’ as constructed by Israeli men in the sports arena. Specifically, it examines the place of sport in the lives of Israeli men as well as the factors and motivations driving them to this field. The research findings indicate a dialectical process that combines continuity and change in Israeli masculinity: on the one hand, a close connection between sports and ‘traditional masculinity’ that includes themes of physical strength and male brotherhood; on the other, diversity in sports practices, links between sport practices and personal well-being, weakening of the identification with specific sports teams and a tendency to watch sports broadcasts in a more individualized manner based on aesthetic preferences.
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| 5 |
ID:
105409
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| Publication |
2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The 'Girl Effect' is a growing but understudied movement that assumes girls are catalysts capable of bringing social and economic change for their families, communities and countries. The evolving discourse associated with this movement holds profound implications for development programmes that focus on girls and use sport and physical activity to promote gender equality, challenge gender norms, and teach confidence and leadership skills. Increasingly sport, gender and development (sgd) interventions are funded and implemented by multinational corporations (mncs) as part of the mounting portfolio of corporate social responsibility (csr) initiatives in international development. Drawing on postcolonial feminist ir theory and recent literature on transnational private governance, this article considers how an mnc headquartered in the global North that funds a sgd programme informed by the 'Girl Eeffect' movement in the Two-Thirds World is implicated in the postcolonial contexts in which it operates. Qualitative research methods were used, including interviews with mnc csr staff members. The findings reveal three themes that speak to the colonial residue within corporate-funded sgd interventions: the power of brand authority; the importance of 'authentic' subaltern stories; and the politics of the 'global' sisterhood enmeshed in saving 'distant' others. The implications of these findings for sgd are discussed in terms of postcolonial feminist approaches to studying sport for development and peace more broadly.
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| 6 |
ID:
146053
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| Summary/Abstract |
In December 2014, the International Olympic Committee [IOC] granted full membership to Kosovo. For the young state, which had declared its independence only in 2008, this decision meant that it could take part in the upcoming 2016 Summer Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro. This analysis illustrates the significance of Kosovo’s full IOC membership. Arguing that IOC membership can be identified as both the “end” and “beginning” of Kosovo’s diplomatic endeavour towards international recognition, the role of sport within this process is illuminated. It mirrors the strategic value of representative sport for a nation-building process as well as its particular significance for public diplomacy in Kosovo. Kosovar political elites shifted their focus towards sport because “traditional” diplomatic efforts, despite being successful to a certain extent, could not break the seemingly cemented status quo considering its United Nations [UN] status. Inclusion in the “Olympic family” represents more than just a symbolic victory for Kosovar diplomacy. The Kosovar nation-building and -branding process, emblematised through the “soft power” of representative sport, could be increasingly used to create symbolic pressure on states that have not yet recognised Kosovo; its ultimate diplomatic goal remains to enter the UN, even if it has to be through “sport’s door.”
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| 7 |
ID:
187064
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article examines female basketball fandom in Israel, concentrating on the relationship between gender and ethnonational identity in sport. It is based on two preliminary assumptions: (a) sport is considered a masculine sphere of interest; (b) sport in general, and fandom in particular, are part of the unique sociocultural life; hence patterns of Israeli female fandom are influenced by collective-Israeli ethnonational and gender identity. The article follows the qualitative-narrative approach, using in-depth interviews. Its findings revealed symbiotic relationships between fans’ ethnic-national identity and their fandom for Maccabi Tel Aviv and views of the team’s players.
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| 8 |
ID:
105403
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| Publication |
2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Growing enthusiasm for 'Sport for development and peace' (sdp) projects around the world has created a much greater interest among critical scholars seeking to interrogate potential gains, extant limitations and challenges of using sport to advance 'development' and 'peace' in Africa. Despite this interest, the role of sport in post-conflict peace building remains poorly understood. Since peace building, as a field of study, lends itself to practical approaches that seek to address underlying sources of violent conflict, it is surprising that it has neglected to take an interest in sport, especially its grassroots models. In Africa, football (soccer) in particular has a strong appeal because of its popularity and ability to mobilise individuals and communities. Through a case study on Sierra Leone, this paper focuses on sports in a particularly prominent post-civil war UN intervention-the disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (ddr) process-to determine how ex-youth combatants, camp administrators and caregivers perceive the role and significance of sporting activities in interim care centres (iccs) or ddr camps. It argues that sporting experiences in ddr processes are fruitful microcosms for understanding nuanced forms of violence and healing among youth combatants during their reintegration process.
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| 9 |
ID:
161390
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article seeks to analyse and portray the mythologisation of sport venues in Israel through a close examination of the particular case study of Ussishkin basketball arena in Tel Aviv. Notwithstanding the current lack of Israeli mainstream recognition of sport places as a built cultural heritage, it is argued that the Ussishkin arena demonstrates the extensive social implication carried by those seemingly functional facilities, not exclusively during their ongoing operation but as a timeless nostalgic and symbolic icon. While the mythical aura is confined to the sports fans’ view of those places, the cultural discourse is no longer conducted within the narrow boundaries of the sports media. The magnitude of the fans’ resistance in the case of Ussishkin arena assured that it would be considered in any future debate regarding the social relevance of sport facilities to the urban fabric.
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| 10 |
ID:
116190
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| Publication |
2012.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The terrorist campaign against Israel, euphemized as the 'al-Aqsa intifada', affected Israeli society in terms of perceptions of personal security, economic and political stability and aspects such as tourism and culture. The Israeli sporting scene was affected as well. From 2001 to 2004, international sports organizations adopted policies in stark contrast to one another. While some banned certain sports events from taking place in Israel, others obliged athletes to come to Israel and fined them for refusing to do so. A comparison of how these organizations chose to act in similar cases around the world reveals a striking inconsistency. An examination of the events and information provided in personal interviews indicates that sports associations fail to define terrorism and the conditions under which competitions should be banned.
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| 11 |
ID:
105411
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| Publication |
2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Sport for Development and Peace (sdp) has been adopted as a 'development tool' by Western development practitioners and a growing number of development organisations. Sport is frequently referred to as a 'global language' and used to promote international awareness and cross-cultural understanding-two key themes in global citizenship literature. In this paper I examine the language adopted by organisations promoting sdp-specifically, what sdp organisations say they do as well as the nature and implications of their discourses. Drawing on a large and growing body of literature on global citizenship and post-structuralism, and on post-colonial critiques, I argue that sdp narratives have the potential to reinforce the 'Othering' of community members in developing countries and may contribute to paternalistic conceptions of development assistance. In so doing, they weaken the potential for more inclusive and egalitarian forms of global citizenship. The article examines the discourse of sdp organisational material found online and analyses it in the context of broader sport and colonialism literature. The work of SDP organisations is further examined in relation to global citizenship discourse with a focus on the production- and projection-of global subjects, or objects of globalisation, and what this means for development 'beneficiaries'.
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| 12 |
ID:
088069
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article examines why India has emerged as the preeminent nation in international cricket and how the Indian Premier League (IPL) is a major step in realigning the power structure in international sports. The article argues that India has been able to take the lessons of globalization (as they apply to sport) and use them to create a new national cricket league that has an international character. It goes on to argue that the success of the IPL and similar sporting ventures in nonwestern nations is likely to see these countries challenging the West's sporting monopoly and getting to increasingly determine where and how the game is played.
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| 13 |
ID:
167155
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article discusses the involvement of active service IDF officers in managing central Israeli sport institutions during the early years of the State of Israel. The IDF officers’ activity in sport bodies encouraged the types of sports that served army interests and developed the construction of sport facilities and their maintenance. The involvement of army officers in managing sport institutions in Israel will be explained as part of the military sphere’s penetration to Israel’s managerial sphere in its formative years and as a reflection of the importance given to the IDF as a unifying factor, placed above political considerations.
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| 14 |
ID:
172147
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| Summary/Abstract |
In May 1929, the Israel Football association was officially recognised by international sport organisations, after extensive political efforts. International recognition effectively institutionalised Israel’s popular sport, 1 which would eventually become not only the focus of massive interest but also a major actor in the social, economic, and political spheres of Israeli society.
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| 15 |
ID:
087644
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
It is generally recognized that the relations between the United States and China today are extremely important. As is known, they are characterized not only by interaction and cooperation, but also an acute rivalry, which resembles an iceberg: only a small part of it is visible, while the real confrontation between the two countries is hidden, not to be seen by the general public.
In August 2008, this hidden American-Chinese confrontation reached its peak and marked a qualitatively new stage in the relations between the two countries. We mean the 29th Olympic Games held in Beijing.
It would seem that the Olympic Games as a purely sports event should demonstrate what country could be regarded the leading sports power of the world for the current four-year period. In actual fact, however, everything is more serious: the modern Olympics have long turned into a yardstick of not only the sport status, but also the international status of one or another state, its position, weight and prestige in the world hierarchy.
In this sense, the Beijing Games were no exception. The victory scored by the Chinese team which won the greatest number of gold medals has not only "legitimized" China's becoming the new sports leader of the world, but also strengthened its position as a leading world power capable to throw a real challenge to the global hegemony of the United States of America.
Let us turn to historical analogy: soon after the brilliant performance of the Soviet team at the Melbourne Olympics in 1956, people began to talk of the
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| 16 |
ID:
133825
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| Publication |
2014.
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article explores two significant incidents of racism - involving Luis Suárez and John Terry - from the 2011-2012 English Premier League football season. In particular, it analyses and contextualises the reactions and responses articulated by key stakeholders within the football industry. Discursive themes were employed by these individuals as a means of trying to mitigate and/or exonerate the actions of Suárez and Terry, to question the veracity of the allegations made against them, and to downplay the extent and effects of racism in English football more generally. The article situates these standpoints within the wider cultural politics of race in the game and extricates the connections between discourse and structure in manifestations of racism. It demonstrates that these dominant responses are indicative of colour-blind ideology, white racial framing and the rules of racial standing. It also argues that these sporting trends are part of a wider societal shift towards racial neoliberalism.
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| 17 |
ID:
105410
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| Publication |
2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Corporate social responsibility (csr) and sport-often in combination with each other-are being increasingly voiced as vehicles that assist various forms of social and economic development, particularly in years with mega-sporting events like the 2010 football World Cup. However, there is little evidence of evaluation to demonstrate that csr-for-development or sport-for-development works (especially over time). This article examines the extent to which evaluation of csr for development through sport has been undertaken, with specific reference to the 2010 World Cup-an event portrayed as displaying developmental virtues. The research highlights not only a paucity of evaluation for csr for development in general and csr for development through sport in particular (as discussion on evaluation largely revolves around financial performance, often from the perspective of the corporation) but also a dilemma: when prevailing techniques of evaluation of mainstream development are conducted, a concern is raised that the techniques implemented are overly managerial or one-dimensional, representing a crass tick-box mentality that fails to address the contextual environment in which development is delivered and steeped in unequal power relations. As a result, the critical development perspective can point to a further element that highlights the paucity and inherent problems of csr for development.
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| 18 |
ID:
105406
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2011.
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| Summary/Abstract |
Using a political ecology framework, this article describes the main developmental challenges facing communities living within the Boteti River sub-basin of northwestern Botswana. The data derive primarily from household surveys conducted over several months in 2008. They show that residents within the study area face significant challenges from unstable supplies of potable water and a highly degraded physical landscape. The article suggests that new opportunities for improved livelihood security have arisen with the recent return of the river to a perennial condition. For more than two decades, only a small portion of the river has had significant surface flow, with the rest dry year round. Given the area's proximity to landscape-dependent, wildlife-based tourism activity, the article suggests that the shifting basin hydrology presents sport-for-development agents with numerous opportunities for meaningful development interventions. In elaborating on what Coalter calls 'sport plus' and' plus sport activities', the article cautions that rural development undertaken in a context of abiding structural marginalisation is not for the faint of heart. Meaningful participation requires strategic intervention and long-term commitment of resources.
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| 19 |
ID:
146045
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| Summary/Abstract |
In attending the London Olympic Games of 2012, competitors and visitors at each venue were greeted with four flags; from left to right, they were the International Olympic flag—and the International Paralympic flag subsequently—the flags of the United Nations [UN] and the London Olympic Organising Committee [LOCOG], and the British Union Jack.
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| 20 |
ID:
146047
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Sport diplomacy provides a challenging example of how diplomatic practice is changing in light of a proliferation of actors, agendas, and modes of communication. This context has inspired greater interest in techniques for managing the participation of others in the pursuit of desired outcomes, such as debates surrounding multi-stakeholder diplomacy, public diplomacy, and soft power. However, these debates often derive from an instrumentalist perspective of exerting influence and securing outcomes. Sport, on the other hand, involves sites and practices capable of supporting communities in the identification of their own goals, and of supporting the development of strategies and skills that can achieve those goals. Its participatory qualities challenge instrumentalist approaches to diplomatic objective setting, and potentially reveal some of the ways in which diplomacy can be more diffuse and inclusive. This article uses the example of sport diplomacy to question the basis for instrumentalist diplomatic objective setting and to explore the theoretical basis for participatory models of multi-stakeholder diplomacy.
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