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ID: 123069

Community, urban citizenship and housing in Bombay, ca. 1919–1980 / Rao, Nikhil

Rao, Nikhil	Journal Article
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2013.

Summary/Abstract

From the late 1910s onward, co-operative housing societies in cities like Bombay offered affordable housing by using the agency of community to protect against the vicissitudes of the market. At the same time, ideas of urban citizenship premised on the liberal individual received greater attention with a broadened franchise and became increasingly linked to social rights such as affordable housing. While the community and the individual are seen as opposed to one another in the discourse of citizenship, this paper suggests that they mutually informed and constituted one another between 1919 and 1980 in ways that have enduring significance for understandings of urban citizenship.

Key Words

Community ; Bombay ; Housing ; Franchise ; Urban Citizenship ; Co - Operative Societies ;
Municipal Elections

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ID: 087770

Research Note: Terrorist groups as business firms a new typological framework / Zelinsky, Aaron; Haven, New; Shubik, Martin

Shubik, Martin	Journal Article
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Publication

2009.

Summary/Abstract

Existing typological frameworks do not adequately categorize terrorist groups by their operational characteristics. We propose a new framework which compares terrorist groups to business firms. In our framework, terrorist groups are mapped on two axes: centralization of resources and centralization of operations. We separate terrorist groups into four typologies echoing familiar business arrangements: Hierarchy, Venture Capital, Franchise, and Brand. Responses to each typology are briefly sketched out. We conclude by analyzing the changes in Al Qaeda over the last two decades in the context of our framework. We close by proposing appropriate policy responses to combat Al Qaeda in light of its current Brand typology.

Key Words

Hierarchy ; Brand ; Funding ; Centralization of Operations ; Centralization of Resources ; Franchise ;
Typological Framework ; Venture Capital

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