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| Srl | Item |
| 1 |
ID:
087937
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| Publication |
2009.
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| Summary/Abstract |
The breakdown of the North-South, East-West governing principles, and the removal of superpower overlay have led to an increasingly decentralised system setting the stage for the so called new geography of trade and the reconfiguration of political - diplomatic strategies. Such strategies now include contestation, articulation, competitive liberalisation, ample inter-state coalition building such as the G-20, G-33, G-90 in the Doha Round and the proliferation of regional and wider ranging preferential arrangements. Regionalism is both policy and project. Agreements vary widely in motivation, form, coverage and content. It is very often the case that, as in multilateral institutions, one major actor sets the agenda at the regional level with the view not only of constructing and retaining power at that level but also of setting global precedents. New balancing or bandwagoning efforts vis-à-vis the local strong power are set in motion with fresh implications for the emerging global architecture. Regional alignments are thus constantly shaping and reshaping market relations. Intra-Latin American agreements (those not including the majors, the US and the EU) were motivated by the search for wider markets building up economies of scale amongst similar countries. Such agreements mostly focused on market liberalisation through diverse schedules of tariff reduction. The result has been the emergence of shallow regional agreements. Nonetheless, most have not been fully implemented, but they show a long term trend towards potential convergence, especially if the Community of South American Nations moves on. External pressures have also spurred agreements as defensive mechanisms. So we witness impulses to regionalism complementing and at times competing with older patterns and trends. This contribution focuses on the different avenues that Latin America is undertaking in terms of regional projects. It will assess the dynamics of intra- regional integration and the inter-action effects with varieties of North-South integration.
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| 2 |
ID:
189295
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| Summary/Abstract |
The implementation of regional transformation plans in Liaoning Province aims to establish a digital intelligent manufacturing center, a comprehensive regeneration zone in Northeast China, an international shipping center in Northeast Asia, and an offshore economic development cooperation zone. Particular attention is being paid to the system of interregional cooperation with Russian regions. The modern development of Liaoning Province in cooperation with regions of the world is based on the implementation of the New Silk Road (One Belt, One Road Initiative - OBOR) global project. Liaoning Province's geographical advantages, developed infrastructure, numerous ports (Jinzhou, Dandong, Dalian, Yingkou), and developed railroad network give it major advantages over other regions of China. The Chinese side is interested in bringing dialogue with fraternal regions of Russia from humanitarian cooperation to a system of multivector partnership interaction.
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