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ID: 088021

Are biofuels a feasible option? / Goldemberg, José; Guardabassi, Patricia

Goldemberg, José	Journal Article
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2009.

Summary/Abstract

Recently a number of objections have been raised against the use of ethanol produced from agricultural products such as maize, sugarcane, wheat or sugar beets as a replacement for gasoline, despite some of their advantages such as being cleaner and to some extent renewable. We address these objections in this paper. Topics discussed include the "corn connection" (which was theorized to be a cause of deforestation in the Amazonia), the rise of food prices due to ethanol production and the real possibilities of ethanol in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It has been shown that such concerns are grossly exaggerated and that ethanol from sugarcane, as produced in Brazil, is the preferred option for the production of fuel not only in terms of cost but also as a favourable energy balance. Finally, the possibility of expanding ethanol production to other sugar-producing countries is also discussed.

Key Words

Ethanol ; Biofuels ; Sustainability

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ID: 187603

Note on the effectiveness of the decline of the carbon intensity on carbon emissions / Goldemberg, José

Goldemberg, José	Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract

The decline of the carbon intensity (CO2/GDP) in the last few decades in countries around the world is well established but it has been argued that such decline didn't lead to the reduction of global CO2 emissions because it's effect has been offset by GDP growth. We quantified the reduction of CO2 emissions in the period 2000–2018 in 14 countries and the European Union (EU) due to the effectiveness of the carbon intensity changes. In the US, Japan and the EU they led to a strong decline of CO2 emissions and in other countries to reductions of 10–40%. In Iran and Saudi Arabia emissions increased.

Key Words

Carbon Emissions ; Carbon Intensity

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